胸部(课前介绍)(李峰)解剖学

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1、REGIONALANATOMYOFTHORAXProfessorLiFeng*Thethoraxliesbetweenneckandabdomen.*Thethoraxincludesthoracicwallandthoraciccavity.*Thethoracicwallconsistsofskin,fascia,musclesandbones.*Thethoraciccavitycontainsheart,lungs,trachea,esophagusandsoon.BoundariesofthethoraxSuperiorly:jugularnotch,ste

2、rnoclavicularjoint,superiorborderofclavicle,acromion,spinousprocessofC7vertebraInferiorly:xiphoidprocess,costalarch,11thand12thribs,T12vertebra1.Skeletonofthoracicwall12pairsofribs12pairsofcostalcartilages(true,false,floatingribs)12thoracicvertebraeandintervertebraldiscs1sternum(manubri

3、um,body,xiphoidprocess)Inletofthorax:upperborderofmanubrium,firstrib，vertebraT1Outletofthorax:T12vertebra,11thand12thribs,costalarch，xiphoidprocess2.ThoracicwallSkinSuperficialfasciaDeepfasciaPectoralm.BonythoraxIntercostalspacesandcontentsEndothoracicfasciaPectoralmuscles1thlayer:pecto

4、ralismajorexternalobliqueabdominalm.rectusabdominalm.2thlayer:pectoralisminorsubclavicularm.serratusanterior3thlayer:intercostalm.4thlayer:transversethoracis4thlayer:transversethoracisSerratusanteriorIntercostalm.Externalintercostalm.:Themuscularfibersrundownwardandforward.Thefleshym.ar

5、ereplacedbyexternalintercostalmembranesanteriorly.Internalintercostalm.Innermostintercostalm.Internalintercostalm.Themuscularfibersrunupwardandforward.Thefleshym.arereplacedbyinternalintercostalmembranesposteriorly.IntercostalspacesandcontentsIntercostalvessels:intercostala.thoracicaort

6、aintercostalv.azygosv.hemiazygosv.accessoryhemiazygosv.Intercostalnerves:spinalcordintercostalv.intercostala.intercostaln.Nearanglesofribs:intercostala.collaterala.intercostalv.collateralv.intercostaln.collateraln.intercostalv.intercostala.intercostaln.ThoracocentesisTheneedleisinserted

7、intopleuralcavity.Posteriorly:superiortoribAnteriorly:betweentworibs3.ThediaphragmLocation:separatesthoraciccavityfromabdominalcavity3Parts:costalpartsternalpartlumbarpart3hiatus:3hiatus:aortichiatus:thoracicaorta,thoracicductesophagealhiatus:esophagus,vagusn.venacavalforam