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1、中国生态农业学报2013年5月第21卷第5期ChineseJournalofEco-Agriculture,May2013,21(5):519525DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2013.00519*华北平原秸秆覆盖冬小麦减产原因分析陈素英张喜英孙宏勇邵立威(中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室河北省节水农业重点实验室石家庄050022)摘要秸秆覆盖是减少农田棵间蒸发和提高水分利用效率的措施之一。冬小麦/夏玉米一年两作种植中,秸秆资源非常丰富,随着机械化作业的发展,小麦秸秆覆盖夏
2、玉米技术在同类地区得到成功应用和推广。但夏玉米秸秆覆盖冬小麦后对冬小麦的生长发育产生了一些不利影响,造成了冬小麦不增产或减产,限制了该项技术的推广。秸秆覆盖造成冬小麦穗数的降低是冬小麦产量降低的主要原因,其次是千粒重的降低。大部分研究表明秸秆覆盖小麦地表后,使根区土壤温度白天最高温度低于不覆盖处理,夜间的最低温度高于不覆盖处理,土壤温度的日较差减小。秸秆覆盖下根区温度的变化可能是引起小麦生长发育滞后和产量降低的主导因素。本文综述了华北平原秸秆覆盖冬小麦减产原因,为实现两熟区冬小麦秸秆覆盖提供理论依据。关键词华北平原冬小麦/夏玉米一年两作
3、秸秆覆盖冬小麦产量土壤温度中图分类号:S341.9文献标识码:A文章编号:1671-3990(2013)05-0519-07CauseandmechanismofwinterwheatyieldreductionunderstrawmulchintheNorthChinaPlainCHENSu-Ying,ZHANGXi-Ying,SUNHong-Yong,SHAOLi-Wei(CenterforAgriculturalResourcesResearch,InstituteofGeneticsandDevelopmentalBiology
4、,ChineseAcademyofSciences;KeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalWaterResources,ChineseAcademyofSciences;HebeiKeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalWater-Saving,Shijiazhuang050022,China)AbstractIntheNorthChinaPlain(NCP),winterwheatandsummermaizedoublecroppingconsumed800~850mmofwaterannually.Ab
5、out25%~30%ofthewaterlosswasduetosoilevaporation.Reducingsoilwaterevaporationwasaneffectivewater-savingmeasureinthisseriouslywater-scarceregion.Strawmulchhasbeenprovedtobeoneoftheeffectivemethodsusedtoreducesoilevaporation.DoublecroppingofwinterwheatandsummermaizeintheNCP
6、waseffectiveinproducingabundantstrawformulching.Withthemechanizationofwinterwheatharvest,winterwheatstrawhasbeensuccessfullyusedtomulchmaize;significantlyreducingcropwateruse.However,summermaizestrawmulchonthesoilsurfacehascreatedunfavorablewinterwheatgrowthconditionsres
7、ultinginyieldreduction.Becausestrawmulchreducedwinterwheatyield,itspracticalapplicationwaslimited.Decreaseinspikenumberwasmainreasonfortheyieldreductionofwinter,andthe1000-grainweightdecreasewasthesecondreason.Soilsurfacestrawmulchreducedmaximumrootzonetemperatureduringd
8、aytimeandincreasedminimumtemperatureduringnighttime,therebyreducingdailytemperaturerange.Changesinrootz
