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《Tunisia-The World Factbook》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Introduction ::TunisiaBackground:RivalrybetweenFrenchandItalianinterestsinTunisiaculminatedinaFrenchinvasionin1881andthecreationofaprotectorate.AgitationforindependenceinthedecadesfollowingWorldWarIwasfinallysuccessfulingettingtheFrenchtorecognizeTunisiaasanindependentstatein1956.Thecountry'sfirstpr
2、esident,HabibBOURGUIBA,establishedastrictone-partystate.Hedominatedthecountryfor31years,repressingIslamicfundamentalismandestablishingrightsforwomenunmatchedbyanyotherArabnation.InNovember1987,BOURGUIBAwasremovedfromofficeandreplacedbyZineelAbidineBENALIinabloodlesscoup.StreetproteststhatbeganinTuni
3、sinDecember2010overhighunemployment,corruption,widespreadpoverty,andhighfoodpricesescalatedinJanuary2011,culminatinginriotingthatledtohundredsofdeaths.On14January2011,thesamedayBENALIdismissedthegovernment,hefledthecountry,andbylateJanuary2011,a"nationalunitygovernment"wasformed.InlateOctober2011,el
4、ectionsforaConstituentAssemblywereheld.TheConstituentAssemblyischargedwithappointinganewinterimgovernment,draftinganewconstitution,andpreparingforlegislativeandpresidentialelections.Geography ::TunisiaLocation:NorthernAfrica,borderingtheMediterraneanSea,betweenAlgeriaandLibyaGeographiccoordinates:34
5、00N,900EMapreferences:AfricaArea:total: 163,610sqkmcountrycomparisontotheworld: 92land: 155,360sqkmwater: 8,250sqkmArea-comparative:slightlylargerthanGeorgiaLandboundaries:total: 1,424kmbordercountries: Algeria965km,Libya459kmCoastline:1,148kmMaritimeclaims:territorialsea: 12nmcontiguouszone: 24nmex
6、clusiveeconomiczone: 12nmClimate:temperateinnorthwithmild,rainywintersandhot,drysummers;desertinsouthTerrain:mountainsinnorth;hot,drycentralplain;semiaridsouthmergesintotheSaharaElevationextremes:lowestpoint: ShattalGharsah-17mhighestpoint: JebelechChambi1,544mNaturalresources:petroleum,phosphates,i
7、ronore,lead,zinc,saltLanduse:arableland: 17.05%permanentcrops: 13.08%other: 69.87%(2005)Irrigatedland:4,450sqkm(2003)Totalrenewablewaterresources:4.6cukm(2003)Freshwaterwithdrawal(domestic/industrial/
