实验十六 霍尔效应测量磁场-北大物院普物实验报告

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1、实验十六霍尔效应测量磁场一、数据处理1.??−??关系??=0.6A当电流从1、2端输入时，数据如下表：??(mA)??1(mV)??2(mV)??3(mV)??4(mV)??(mV)2.006.27-6.266.82-6.826.544.0012.57-12.5813.63-13.6513.116.0018.85-18.9220.40-20.4819.668.0025.16-25.2427.23-27.3326.2410.0031.52-31.6334.03-34.2032.85表格1做出??−??图线如下，可以看出两者确为线性关系：图1当电流从3、4端输入

2、时，数据如下表：??(mA)??1(mV)??2(mV)??3(mV)??4(mV)??(mV)2.006.83-6.816.29-6.276.554.0013.67-13.6312.60-12.5613.126.0020.52-20.4218.93-18.8319.688.0027.39-27.2025.30-25.1226.2510.0034.26-33.9531.73-31.5732.88表格2做出??−??图线如下，可以看出两者确为线性关系：图22.??的测量??=10.00mA，实验数据如下表：??(mA)??1(mV)??2(mV)??3(mV)?

3、?4(mV)?(mT)??(mV)0.0001.32-1.36-1.331.371.20.000.1004.27-4.406.75-6.9039.75.580.2009.59-9.7212.06-12.2176.010.900.30015.18-15.2917.68-17.96115.016.530.40020.72-20.8323.19-23.35152.022.020.50026.04-26.1528.52-38.68191.027.30.60031.58-31.6934.06-34.23227.632.890.70037.07-37.1839.56-37

4、.18266.237.750.80042.48-42.5945.14-45.31304.743.880.90048.29-48.4050.79-50.96344.849.611.00053.42-53.5355.93-56.10379.554.75表格3做出??−?图线如下，可以看出两者确为线性关系：图3使用最小二乘法进行线性拟合，得到斜率?=0.14418mV⋅mT−1,截距?=−0.10853mV,相关系数?=0.9999404.则可得到?灵敏度K==14.42mV⋅mT−1⋅A−1H??计算其不确定度：1??√2−1??=，故得???−2σ=0.05mV

5、⋅mT−1⋅A−1KH?则?±?==(14.42±0.05)mV⋅mT−1⋅A−1?????3.根据2中计算的??和??，计算?，并作磁化曲线图将由???=????计算所得的?与对应的??列表如下：??(??)?(??)0.0000.00.10038.70.20075.60.300114.60.400152.70.500189.30.600228.10.700261.80.800304.30.900344.01.000379.7表格4做出磁化曲线如下图，可以看出磁化曲线也近似呈线性：图44.电磁铁磁场沿水平方向分布??=0.600A,??=10.00mA，将数

6、据列表如下：?(mm)??(mV)?(mT)40.0032.22223.441.0032.19223.242.0032.13222.843.0032.11222.744.0032.09222.545.0032.06222.346.0032.05222.347.0032.04222.248.0032.03222.149.0032.02222.150.0032.01222.051.0031.99221.852.0031.98221.855.0031.97221.756.0031.97221.757.0031.97221.759.0031.96221.660.003

7、1.95221.662.0031.94221.564.0031.92221.466.0031.9221.267.0031.87221.068.0031.83220.769.0031.76220.270.0031.67219.671.0031.51218.572.0031.23216.673.0030.81213.774.0029.77206.475.0027.73192.376.0023.94166.077.0019.00131.878.0014.91103.479.0011.9682.980.009.6867.181.008.2257.082.007.034

8、8.883.006.0842.284.