《简单凯恩斯模型》PPT课件

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1、简单凯恩斯模型思考题国民收入(产出或GDP)由什么决定？AModelWithManyNamesSomeeconomistsrefertotheKeynesianmodelasthe“multipliermodel”whileothercallittheaggregateproduction-aggregateexpendituresmodel.WewillusethesenamesinterchangeablyasweshowyouhowthedevelopmentandapplicationofthebasicKeynesianmodelgavebirthtofiscalpoli

2、cy.FiscalPolicyGovernmentExpendituresTaxChangesStimulateContractTheBasicKeynesianModelProvidesastraightforwardapproachtousingfiscalpolicytoclosearecessionarygap.Intheory,themodelmaybeusedtocalculateverypreciselyhowmuchgovernmentspendingmustbeincreased,ortaxesmustbecut,tostimulateaneconomybackt

3、ofullemployment.SomeImportantHistory:ITheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,InterestandMoneycontainslittleresemblingtoday’sbasictextbookKeynesianmodel.HowKeynes’arcane神秘的prose平铺直叙的、乏味的文体、叙述wastransformedintoaneasilyunderstoodalgebraicandgraphicalmodelisastoryinandofitselfinvolvingtwokeyfigures,Professo

4、rsAlvinHansenandPaulSamuelson.SomeImportantHistory:IIAlvinHansenwasaClassicaleconomistwholefttheUniversityofWisconsintotakeapostatHarvardandconvertedtoKeynesianism.AtHarvard,Hansenledaseminarthatbecameanimportantcauldron大锅ofideasfortheKeynesiandoctrine.HansenalsotookregulartripstoWashington,D.

5、C.tospreadtheKeynesiangospel真理准则信条tothenation’spolicymakers.SomeImportantHistory:IIIMostimportantly,HansenwroteAGuidetoKeyneswhichbecamethebible圣经foreconomicstudentsinthe1950s.Hansen’sstarpupilPaulSamuelsonwrotewhatwouldbecomethedefinitivemacroeconomictextbook.Outofthesewritingshasemergedtheba

6、sicKeynesianmodel.第一节均衡产出一，假设：1、家户和企业2、总需求变动时，只会引起产量变动，使供求相等，而不会引起价格变动。KeynesianRangeAggregateOutputTheAssumptionOfFixedPricesIntermediateRangeClassicalRangePriceLevelThemostimportantassumptionunderlyingthismodelisthatpricesarefixed.Keynesdidn’tbelievethisbutdidbelievethatwhentheeconomyisinthe

7、recessionaryrange,pricesandwagesweresufficientlyinflexiblesothatincomewouldadjustmuchfasterthanprices.PotentialOutputTheImplicationThefixedpriceassumptionallowedHansenandSamuelsontodevelopaKeynesianmodelreadilydistinguishablefromtheaggr