动物生理学5呼吸系统生理上

《动物生理学5呼吸系统生理上》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、5RespirationChemicalreductionofmolecularoxygentoformwateristheprimarysourceofenergyforanimals.Theprincipalsiteforthereactionoccurswithinthemitochondria.Withoutthisreactionlifecannotexistformorethanseconds.CoincidentalwiththereductionofO2istheproductionofCO2;thiscomesmainlyfromoxidativephosphorylati

2、onofglucosewhichalsooccursprincipallyinthemitochondrion.Repirationincludes:Thegasesmustbemovedbetweentheenvironmentandthelungs,usuallyreferredtoas“pulmonaryventilation”ThegasesmustbeexchangedbetweenthespacesinlungandthebloodExchangeofgasesbetweenthebloodandthevarioustissuesmustoccurFinallytransfero

3、fgasesmustoccurwithinthetissuetositesofutilization(forO2)andfromthesitesofproduction(forCO2)5.1pulmonaryventilationGasexchangebetweentheenvironmentandthelungs,usuallyreferredtoas“pulmonaryventilation”Thestructuresneededforpulmonaryventilation:airway,alveoli[æl’viəlai](单数alveolus),andthorax5.1.1肺通气的

4、原理5.1.1.1肺通气的动力直接动力　肺泡与外界环境之间的压力差原动力　节律性呼吸运动Respiratorymovements(呼吸运动）Respiratorymuscle:diaphragm(膈),intercostalmuscle,etalThoraciccavityInspiratorymovement&Expiratorymovement呼吸运动的形式：腹式呼吸和胸式呼吸平静呼吸和用力呼吸Intrapulmonarypressures肺内压平静呼吸吸气时-2~-1mmHg(-0.266~-0.133Kpa)呼气时1~2mmHg(0.133~0.266Kpa)用力呼吸(forcedb

5、reathing)用力吸气-100~-30mmHg用力呼气60~140mmHgThepressureinthoraciccavity(intrapleuralpressures)胸膜腔内压pulmonaryventilation:Aslongasinterplueralpressureremainslessthanatmosphericpressure,thedimensionsofthelungsfollowcloselythedimensionsofthethoraciccavity.Lungmovementsresultsfromcontractionofrespiratorymusc

6、lesassociatedwiththemovementofstructuresinthoraciccavitywallandofthediaphragm.Pleura：surroundingeachlungisaserous(含浆液的）membrane,thepleura.Theoutlayeradherestotheinnerthoracicwallandthediaphragm.Theinnerlayercoversthelungthepotentialspacebetweenthetwolayersiscalledthepleuralcavity,thelayersnormallym

7、oveeasilyovereachotherwithmovementofthethorax.Pressureintheinterpleuralspaceisalwaysnegative.（平静呼吸时）气胸（Pneumothorax)胸膜腔内压＝肺内压－肺回缩压当呼吸暂停时　胸膜腔内压＝大气压－肺回缩压若以大气压为“0”胸膜腔内压＝－肺回缩压胸腔负压也可作用于腔静脉和胸导管，影响静脉血和淋巴的回流。5.1.1.