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1、棉花学报CottonScience2015袁27渊5冤院427―434膜下滴灌高产棉花根尧冠生物量累积特性研究1,211,211*张合理袁罗宏海袁李璐袁张亚黎袁张旺锋渊1.石河子大学农学院/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室袁新疆石河子832003曰2.新疆哈密地区气象局袁新疆哈密839000冤摘要院在新疆膜下滴灌大田条件下袁选用新陆早43号和新陆早45号2个棉花品种袁测定不同产量水平棉田棉株根系生物量及其空间分布尧地上部生物量尧根冠比等袁分析滴灌棉花产量形成过程中根尧冠生物量的累积特征遥结果表明院与一般产量棉田及中低产棉田相比袁
2、高产棉田在整个生育期根系生物量较高尧中下层根系分布比例较大袁棉株总生物量尧地上部生物量尧棉铃生物量均较高袁根冠比较低曰产量构成因子表现为总铃数较多尧铃重较高遥高产棉花由于其生物量快速累积起始时间较早尧累积速率快袁进而棉株根系生物量尧总生物量累积多遥因此袁根据参试棉花品种的生育特点袁在适期早播促生育进程提前尧前期营养器官稳健生长的前提下袁采取水肥后移或适当推迟停水时间袁可适度增加棉花中下层根系分布袁降低根冠比袁提高光合产物向棉铃的分配比例袁增加铃重袁进一步提高棉花产量遥关键词院棉花曰生物量曰高产曰根冠比曰膜下滴灌中图分类号院S5
3、62.01文献标志码院A文章编号院1002-7807渊2015冤05-0427-0810.11963/issn.1002-7807.2015050061,211,211*ZhangHeli,LuoHonghai,LiLu,ZhangYali,ZhangWangfeng(1.832003,;2.839000,)UndertheecologicalandclimaticconditionsofXinjiang,differencesinthetemporalandspatialdistributioncharacter-istic
4、softheroots,abovegroundbiomass,androot/shootratioincottonfieldsofdifferentyieldlevelswerestudiedusingthesoilprofilesamplingmethodandXinluzao43and45asexperimentalmaterials.Theresultsshowedthattherootbiomass,proportionofrootsinthemiddleandlowersoillayers,totalbiomass,
5、andabovegroundbiomassinsuperhigh-yieldfieldswassignificantlyincreasedthroughoutthegrowthseasoncomparedwithcommonhigh-yieldandlow-yieldfields.However,theroot/shootratiowasdecreased.Theyieldcomponentsexhibitedhighertotalbollnumbersandweight.Undersuperhigh-yieldconditi
6、ons,thelargerootbiomassandtotalbiomassweremainlyattributabletoearlierinitialtimeandhigherrateoftherapidbiomassaccumu-lation,thanundertheotheryieldlevels.Thissuggestedthattheyieldofcottonvarietiescouldbeincreasedaccordingtotheirgrowthcharacteristics,byappropriateearl
7、ysowinginadvanceofnormalgrowthofvegetativeorgansandanappropriatedelaywithoutwaterorwatertransfermeasures,toensurewatersupplytoreproductiveorgansatthelategrowthstageandincreasethebollweightbyincreasingtheproportionofrootsinthemiddleandlowersoillayers,decreasingtheroo
8、t/shootratio,andincreas-ingassimilatetransferfromleavestobolls.cotton;biomass;highyield;root/shootratio;mulch-dripirrigation作物高产尧超高产研究是目前农
