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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2014,40(6):1093−1101http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01093小麦玉米周年生产中耕作对夏玉米产量及抗倒伏能力的影响李霞张吉旺任佰朝范霞董树亭刘鹏赵斌作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018摘要:针对黄淮海平原冬小麦夏玉米周年生产的特点,将冬
2、小麦夏玉米播前耕作统筹结合,以期为冬小麦夏玉米周年生产体系耕作方式的改良提供依据。以郑单958为试验材料,设冬小麦播前旋耕夏玉米播前免耕(RN)、冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前免耕(MN)、冬小麦播前翻耕夏玉米播前旋耕(MR)3个处理,探讨冬小麦夏玉米周年生产条件下不同耕作方式对夏玉米抗倒伏能力及产量的影响。2年研究结果表明,MR处理夏玉米的株高、穗位高增加,MN与MR处理的地上第3茎节变粗,MN处理的地上第3节间茎粗系数最大。MR与MN处理间抽雄期的基部茎节穿刺强度无显著差异,但较RN均显著增强,茎秆皮层厚度和维管束密度
3、及维管束鞘面积较RN也显著增大,茎秆伤流速率较RN分别提高60.60%和46.70%,茎秆质量显著提高。此外,MN与MR的根重和根冠比较RN显著提高,地上节根根条数与干重也显著提高。MN与MR较RN处理分别增产26.33%与39.21%。冬小麦播前翻耕可显著提高夏玉米产量及抗倒伏能力。关键词:夏玉米;小麦玉米周年耕作;茎秆形态与结构;倒伏;产量YieldandLodgingResistanceofSummerMaizeunderDifferentWinterWheat-SummerMaizeTillageSystem
4、sLIXia,ZHANGJi-Wang,RENBai-Zhao,FANXia,DONGShu-Ting,LIUPeng,andZHAOBinStateKeyLaboratoryofCropBiology/CollegeofAgronomicSciences,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai’an271018,ChinaAbstract:Theobjectiveofthestudywastoexploretheeffectsofdifferenttillagesystemsinwin
5、terwheat-summermaizecrop-pingonyieldandlodgingresistanceofsummermaize.MaizehybridZhengdan958wasusedasexperimentalmaterial.Threetillagetreatmentsweredesigned,includingrotarytillagebeforewinterwheatseedingandno-tillagebeforemaizeseeding(RN),moldboardtillagebefore
6、winterwheatseedingandno-tillagebeforemaizeseeding(MN),andmoldboardtillagebeforewinterwheatseedingandrotarytillagebeforemaizeseeding(MR).TheresultsshowedthatplantheightandearheightwerehigherinMRthaninRN,thethirdinternodediameterofMNandMRwasgreaterthanthatofRN,an
7、dtheratiooflengthtodiameterinMNwasthelowestandthestemdiametercoefficientsofMNwasthehighest.Rindpenetrometerresistanceofsummermaizeenhancedatthetassellingstage(VT)andreducedatthemilkstage(R3)inthetreatmentofmoldboardtillagebeforewinterwheatseeding,densityoftheva
8、scularandareaofthevascularbundlewereincreased,andbleedingsapinstalkincreasedunderMRandMN.BleedingsapofstalksunderMRandMNwas60.62%and46.70%greaterthanunderRNrespectively.Root
