小麦秸秆还田和施钾对棉花产量与养分吸收的效应

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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2014,40(12):21692175http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.02169小麦秸秆还田和施钾对棉花产量与养分吸收的效应1112211,*张凡睢宁余超然刘瑞显杨长琴宋光雷孟亚利1周治国12南京农业大学农学院/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095;江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏南京2

2、10014–2摘要:在长江流域麦棉两熟制条件下,以Bt转基因抗虫棉为材料,设置不同秸秆还田量(4500kghm和9000kg–2–2–2hm,即半量还田和全量还田)与施钾量(K2O,150kghm和300kghm)田间定位试验,研究小麦秸秆还田对棉花产量和主要养分吸收累积的影响及其与化肥钾的差异。结果表明,在施用氮磷肥的基础上,与对照相比,秸秆全量还田处理显著提高了铃数、铃重和皮棉产量,还田第2年和第3年产量增长率分别达143.5%和93.7%;显著提高了各生育时期尤其是吐絮期生物量和氮磷钾养分吸收量,延缓了棉花衰老。秸秆还田对钾吸收的促进效应大于

3、氮磷,还田第3年棉株钾累积总量较对照增加335.1%,每生产100kg皮棉钾吸收比例增大112.1%。秸秆全量还田处理(K2O,约折–2合150kghm)促进养分吸收、防止早衰及增产效应均显著大于秸秆半量还田处理,但显著低于施钾量(K2O)300kg–2–2–2hm处理,与施钾量(K2O)150kghm处理的增产效果相当,但养分吸收量较150kgK2Ohm处理下降。关键词:秸秆还田;化学钾;棉花;养分吸收;产量EffectsofWheatStrawReturningandPotassiumFertilizerApplicationonYieldan

4、dNutrientsUptakeofCotton111221ZHANGFan,SUINing,YUChao-Ran,LIURui-Xian,YANGChang-Qin,SONGGuang-Lei,MENG1,*1Ya-Li,andZHOUZhi-Guo1NanjingAgriculturalUniversity/KeyLaboratoryofCropPhysiology&EcologyinSouthernChina,MinistryofAgriculture,Nanjing210095,2China;InstituteofIndustrialCro

5、ps,JiangsuAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Nanjing210014,China–1–1Abstract:Athree-yearstationaryexperimentwithtreatmentsofwheatstraw(4500kghaand9000kgha)mulchingandK–1–1fertilizer(150kgK2Ohaand300kgK2Oha)applicationwasconductedusinginsect-resistantcottonunderwheat-cottondou-blecr

6、oppingsystemintheLowerReachesofYangtzeRiver(Nanjing).Theresultsshowedthatcomparedwithcontrol(withoutKfertilizerandwheatstrawreturning),totalwheatstrawreturningsignificantlyincreasedbollnumber,bollweightandlintyieldofcottonwithlintyieldincreasingrateof143.5%and93.7%intheseconda

7、ndthirdyearsafterstrawreturning,respectively.Bio-massandnutrientsabsorptionatdifferentgrowthstagesweresignificantlyimprovedbytotalwheatstrawreturning,especiallyinthebollopeningstage,andthesenescenceofvegetativeorganswasdelayed.WheatstrawreturningpromotedKabsorptionmuchgreatert

8、hanNandPabsorption.Comparedwithcontrol,totalKuptakebycottonpl