加拿大一枝黄花的入侵生物学研究-博士论

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1、复旦大学博士学位论文加拿大一枝黄花的入侵生物学研究姓名：马淼申请学位级别：博士专业：生态学指导教师：李博20030429AbstractMoreandmorestudiesshowthatinvasionofalienplantshascausedsevereimpactsonnativebiodiversity．However,notallofthealienplantsareabletobecomeinvasive，onlyasmallpartofthemmaysuccessfullyinvadenativeecosystems。Therefore，itisveryimportant

2、tostudymechanismsunderlyingsuccessfulinvasionofalienplants．Studiesoneompensationarygrowthofinvasiveplants，whicharesubjectedtodifferentintensitiesofleaf-eating，indifferentlevelsofsoilfertilityareveryimportantforustodeterminethesuitabledensityofitsnaturalenemypopulation．Studiesofgeneticdiversityofi

3、nvasiveplantswouldbeusefulforunderstandingtheirgeneticdifferentiationinnovelhabitats，andthegeneticmechanismsunderlyingtheirhighadaptationtonovelhabitats．Furthermore．itcanprovidegeneticproofsformanagementpracticesoftheinvaders．Studiesoncapacityofasexualreproductionofinvasivespeciesunderdisturbedco

4、nditionscarlhelpustounderstandtheirestablishmentpotential．Studiesonallelopathicactivityofinvasiveplantsonnativeplantsgrowninthehabitatstheyinvadeshouldbevaluableforunderstandingthemechanismsinchemicalecologythatalienplantscansuccessfullyinvadeanovelecosystem．Canadiangoldenrod(Solidagocanadensis)i

5、saperennialrhizomaticplantnativetoNorthAmerica；itwasintroducedintoChinaasornamentalplantin1935，andhasbecomeoneofthedetrimentalweedsinShanghai．Thepurposeofthepresentstudyistoinvestigatethemechanismsunderlingitssuccessfulinvasion，andtrytofindsomeeffectivewaysforitscontr01．Thisworkincludedthefollowi

6、ngfouraspects：effectsofsoilfertilityandartificialdefoliationonthegrowthofSCanadensis；establishment；allelopathicpotential；geneticdiversityof矗canadebsis．Theexperimentsaresummarizedasfollowing：1．PreviousstudiesoneffectsofnaturalandsimulatedherbivoryongrowthofXcanadensisshowedthatbiocontrolwaseffecti

7、vetoitscontr01．However,ourfieldinvestigationshowedthatgrowthofthegoldenrodseemedflourishalthoughitsleaveswereeatenwithdifferentpatternsanddifferentintensitiesbyinsects．Tounderstandtheeffectsoffeedingintensities，feeding