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1、惟学国际课堂高分保证Tel:021-64735515更多完整预测,点击www.waysedu.comEurope'sEarlySeaTradewithAsia(TPO17-1)Inthefourteenthcentury,anumberofpoliticaldevelopmentscutEurope'soverlandtraderoutestosouthernandeasternAsia,withwhichEuropehadhadimportantandhighlyprofitablecommercialtiessinc
2、ethetwelfthcentury.Thisdevelopment,comingasitdidwhenthebottomhadfallenoutoftheEuropeaneconomy,providedanimpetustoalong-helddesiretosecuredirectrelationswiththeEastbyestablishingaseatrade.Widelyreported,ifsomewhatdistrusted,accountsbyfigureslikethefamoustravelerfr
3、omVenice.MarcoPolo,ofthewillingnessofpeopleinChinatotradewithEuropeansandoftheimmensityofthewealthtobegainedbysuchcontactmadetheideairresistiblePossibilitiesfortradeseemedpromising,butnohopeexistedformaintainingthetraditionalroutesoverlandAnewwayhadtobefound.Thec
4、hiefproblemwastechnological:HowweretheEuropeanstoreachtheEast?Europe'smaritimetraditionhaddevelopedinthecontextofeasilynavigableseas—theMediterranean,theBaltic,and.toalesserextent,theNorthSeabetweenEnglandandtheContinent—notofvastoceans.Newtypesofshipswereneeded,
5、newmethodsoffindingone'sway,newtechniquesforfinancingsovastascheme.ThesheerscaleoftheinvestmentittooktobegincommercialexpansionatseareflectstheimmensityoftheprofitsthatsuchEast-WesttradecouldcreateSpiceswerethemostsought-aftercommodities.Spicesnotonlydramatically
6、improvedthetasteoftheEuropeandietbutalsowereusedtomanufactureperfumesandcertainmedicines.Butevenhigh-pricedcommoditieslikespiceshadtobetransportedinlargebulkinordertojustifytheexpenseandtroubleofsailingaroundtheAfricancontinentallthewaytoIndiaandChina.Theprincipa
7、lseagoingshipusedthroughouttheMiddleAgeswasthegalley,along,lowshipfittedwithsailsbutdrivenprimarilybyoars.Thelargestgalleyshadasmanyas50oarsmenSincetheyhadrelativelyshallowhulls,theywereunstablewhendrivenbysailorwhenonroughwater:hencetheywereunsuitableforthevoyag
8、etotheEast.EveniftheyhuggedtheAfricancoastline,theyhadlittlechanceofsurvivingacrossingoftheIndianOceanShortlyafter1400.Shipbuildersbegandevelopinganewtypeofves
