植物微生物学真菌界

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1、真菌界植物微生物学第四讲EumycotanFungi真菌界Unlikechromistanfungi-mosthavenomotilestagessobestadaptedtolandPhylum–Chytridiomycota（壶菌门）exception-dohaveflagellae-1posteriorwhiplash,Phylum–Zygomycota（接合菌门）mosthavecoenocytichyphae(ienoseptae)Phylum-Dikaryomycota（双核菌门）septatehyphae.Largestandmos

2、timportantgroup.真菌界一般性状Byfarthelargestgroupoffungi:over100,000spknownprobablywellover1,000,000exist!manycapableofdigestingverycomplexsubstances(cellulose,lignin，chitin)-duetoextracellularenzymes（胞外酶）hyphae（菌丝）canpenetrateintosolidmassese.gwoodanddecomposeitrapidlyproducevastn

3、umbersofsporessocapableofspreadingrapidly.（产孢繁殖）PhylumChytridiomycota壶菌门mostlyliveinwaterorsoil-decomposerssinglecellorhyphae,营养体为简单细胞或菌丝sometimesdeveloprhizoids（根状体）oftenparasiticSynchytrium（集壶菌属）causeswartdiseaseofpotatoes（马铃薯癌肿病）ChytridfungiondecayingleafinriverThistypeise

4、ucarpic（分体产果）havingseparaterhizoidsandreproductiveparts.Othersareholocarpic（整体产果）-onlyhavereprod.partsPotatowartdiseaseSynchytriumendobioticumsevereeffectonyieldresistantvarietiesavailable-butnewvirulentstrainsoffungusarisingwartscontainsporangiawhichreleasezoospores-infectne

5、wpotatoes-causerapidcelldivision=wart马铃薯癌肿病症状接合菌门主要特征wide,thin-walledmultinucleatecoenocytichyphae粗大的薄壁多核无隔菌丝limitedabilitytodigestcomplexsubstratessexualspore=athickwalledzygosporangium（接合孢子）-germinatesbymeiosistoformnewhyphae.PhylumZygomycotaPhylum–Zygomycota接合菌门classZygomy

6、cetes接合菌纲Mucorales毛霉目腐生-saprobic(egbreadmoulds)commonsaprophytes-butlimitedabilitytodegradecomplexcompoundscomparedtoDikaryomycotaLifecycle-seeRhizopusstolonifer(Fig3.5)classTrichomycetes毛菌纲-parasitesofarthropods节肢动物的寄生物EumycotanFungiBreadMould-Rhizopusstolonifer面包霉Lifecycleo

7、fRhizopusstolonifera根霉生活史Mucor-LifeCycleSexualstages-teleomorphAsexualstages-anamorph毛霉生活史ZygosporeofRhizopus(diploid-willgothroughmeiosis)TeleomorphsinZygomycetes接合孢子SporangiuminRhizopussporangiophoreSporangiumcontainingmanysporangiospores(asexual)孢子囊内含许多孢囊孢子（无性的）ANAMORPHSIN

8、ZYGOMYCETES无性孢子（孢囊孢子）AnamorphsinZygomycetes无性阶段双核菌门-子囊菌亚门ChromistanF