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ID:37044862
大小:3.51 MB
页数:76页
时间:2019-05-20
《晶种法处理高浓度含氟废水研究》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、中南大学硕士学位论文摘要摘要随着现代工业的发展,含氟原料在氟化工、铝电解、玻璃制造等部门的应用日益广泛,含氟废水的排放量逐年增加,对动植物、土壤和人体都造成了严重的危害。目前,含氟废水处理方法主要包括化学沉淀法、絮凝沉淀法、吸附法等等。其中石灰沉淀法因其工艺简单、操作简便、成本低廉等优点受到了最广泛的应用。该方法存在的问题是:沉淀过程中石灰利用率低、CaF2污泥含水率高且不能回收利用;出水总氟浓度不稳定,在实际过程中往往需要与絮凝沉淀工艺组合,造成污泥渣量大。针对传统化学沉淀法处理含氟废水中存在的诸多问题,本文以沉淀物结晶理论为基础,提出了晶种法处理含氟废水
2、的实验思路,即在氟化钙晶种存在下,将废水和沉淀剂混合,使氟离子和钙离子异相成核生长成为粗颗粒氟化钙。通过自行设计的晶种法实验装置进行了一系列实验,主要研究结论如下:CaF2沉淀一溶解平衡的热力学研究表明,沉淀过程中生成的氟化钙粒度对除氟效果有重要影响,氟化钙粒度越大,其溶解度越小,出水总氟浓度越低。在晶种存在的条件下,通过调节反应溶液的pH(pH<7)和Ca/F(O.53、mg/L以内,氟化钙污泥含水率低于40%,沉降性较好,氟回收率高于99%。采用晶种一絮凝的组合方法对晶种法出水进行了深度处理,出水总氟浓度低于10mg/L,静置10min后浊度低于10NTU。以上结果表明,晶种法既可以实现出水总氟浓度达标又能回收氟化钙污泥,是一种有效的高浓度含氟废水的处理及氟资源的回收方法。关键词含氟废水,氟化钙,晶种,沉淀中南大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACTWiththedevelopmentofmodemindustry,theapplicationsoffluorine-containingrawmaterialsaremoreand4、moreextensiveinfluorineindustry,aluminumelectrolysis,glassmanufacture,etc.Thedischargeoffluorine-containingwastewaterisincreasingyearbyyear,causingseriousharmtothepropagations,soilandhuman—beings.Atpresent,thetreatmentmethodsoffluoride—containingwastewatermainlyincludechemicalpreci5、pitation,flocculationsettling,adsorption,andSOon.Comparedwithothermethods,chemicalprecipitationmethodhasbeenmostwidelyusedbecauseoftheadvantageofsimpleprocess,easyoperationandlowcosts.Thismethodhassuchproblems:limeutilizationislow,moisturecontentofCaF2ishighandCaF2couldnotberecover6、ed;theFconcentrationineffluentisunstable,itoftenneedstobecombinedwithflocculationprocess,whichgeneratesalargeamountofCaF2sludge.Aimingattheseproblemsintraditionalchemicalprecipitationprocess,seedingmethodwasproposedbasedoncrystallizationtheoryinthispaper.Accordingtoseedingmethod,wa7、stewaterandprecipitantweremixedintheexistenceofCaF2seed,andthenfluorideandcalciumwouldgrowintolargeCaFzparticlebyheterogeneousnucleation.Inthisstudy,aseriesofexperimentswereinvestigatedwiththeindigenousdesigneddevice,themainconclusionsareasfollows:Accordingtothethermodynamicsstudyo8、fprecipitationdissolutione
3、mg/L以内,氟化钙污泥含水率低于40%,沉降性较好,氟回收率高于99%。采用晶种一絮凝的组合方法对晶种法出水进行了深度处理,出水总氟浓度低于10mg/L,静置10min后浊度低于10NTU。以上结果表明,晶种法既可以实现出水总氟浓度达标又能回收氟化钙污泥,是一种有效的高浓度含氟废水的处理及氟资源的回收方法。关键词含氟废水,氟化钙,晶种,沉淀中南大学硕士学位论文ABSTRACTWiththedevelopmentofmodemindustry,theapplicationsoffluorine-containingrawmaterialsaremoreand
4、moreextensiveinfluorineindustry,aluminumelectrolysis,glassmanufacture,etc.Thedischargeoffluorine-containingwastewaterisincreasingyearbyyear,causingseriousharmtothepropagations,soilandhuman—beings.Atpresent,thetreatmentmethodsoffluoride—containingwastewatermainlyincludechemicalpreci
5、pitation,flocculationsettling,adsorption,andSOon.Comparedwithothermethods,chemicalprecipitationmethodhasbeenmostwidelyusedbecauseoftheadvantageofsimpleprocess,easyoperationandlowcosts.Thismethodhassuchproblems:limeutilizationislow,moisturecontentofCaF2ishighandCaF2couldnotberecover
6、ed;theFconcentrationineffluentisunstable,itoftenneedstobecombinedwithflocculationprocess,whichgeneratesalargeamountofCaF2sludge.Aimingattheseproblemsintraditionalchemicalprecipitationprocess,seedingmethodwasproposedbasedoncrystallizationtheoryinthispaper.Accordingtoseedingmethod,wa
7、stewaterandprecipitantweremixedintheexistenceofCaF2seed,andthenfluorideandcalciumwouldgrowintolargeCaFzparticlebyheterogeneousnucleation.Inthisstudy,aseriesofexperimentswereinvestigatedwiththeindigenousdesigneddevice,themainconclusionsareasfollows:Accordingtothethermodynamicsstudyo
8、fprecipitationdissolutione
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