天津市近郊农田典型重金属污染现状研究

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1、中文摘要中文摘要天津地区干旱，地表水资源匮乏，污水灌溉已成为天津市部分农业地区的主要灌溉方式，致使大量重金属通过污灌进入农田，污灌区的土壤一植物系统重金属污染问题成为人们关注的焦点，因此有必要监测天津近郊农田土壤的重金属污染状况。通过对天津近郊农田土壤重金属(铅、镉、砷)污染状况的调查评价与防治对策的研究，主要结论如下：东丽区和西青区是天津市主要污灌区，农田土壤已受到铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的污染，镉(Cd)的污染较严重，铅(Pb)处于轻度污染水平，砷(As)处于尚清洁水平；津南区、北辰区农田土壤处于尚清洁

2、水平。污水灌溉是天津市农田重金属污染的主要原因之一。调查同时显示不同作物种类间的重金属吸收能力表现出显著差异，粮食污染比蔬菜污染稍轻。蔬菜以叶菜类如菠菜、芹菜、白菜等对重金属的吸收能力较强。为了天津地区农业可持续发展，应在科学指导下开展污水灌溉，严格控制污水灌溉及污泥施用；改变污染农田的利用方式，调整种植结构，以实现污染土壤的安全与高效的农业利用。同时应采取有效措施来治理重金属污染土壤，切断污染物通过食物链危害人体健康的途径。关键词：土壤重金属污染污水灌溉调查评价污染防治天津近郊AbstractSewag

3、eirrigationbecomes．ailimportantwayofwateringforsomeofTianjinagriculturalareasforTianjinisaddarea，lackingofsurfacewaterresources．Theheavymetalpollutionatthesoilandcrops，whichcausedbywastewaterIrrigation，becomethefocusofpublicattention．Afterinvestigationand

4、assessmenttoa晤anjinsuburbanfarmland’Sheavymetalpollutionandresearchofcontrolmeasure，thisreportprovidesthemainconclusionsasfollows：IntheDistrictsofTianjinsuburbs：ThesoilinDongliDistrictandXiqingDistrict，whicharemainsewageirrigationarea，hasbeenpollutedbyPlu

5、mbum(Pb)andCadmium(Cd)：Cdpollutionisinrelativelyseriouspollutionlevel，Pbisinlightpollutionlevel，Arsenic(As)showsincleanlevel；thesoilofJinnanDistrictandBeichenDistrictisincleanlevel．SewageirrigationhasbecomethemainreasonwhichcausestheTianjinfarmland’Sheavy

6、metalpollution．Thisinvestigationalsoshowsthattheabsorptioncapacityofheavymetalsshowedsignificantdifferencesbetweendifferenttypesofcrops：thecontaminationofcerealislighterthanthevegetable；theleafyvegetablessuchasspinach，celery,cabbage，etcshowstrongerabsorpt

7、ioncapacitytotheheavymetal．Forthesustainabledevelopmentofnanjinagricultural，thesewageirrigationandsludgeapplicationshouldbestrictlycontrolledandundertheguidanceofthescience．Itissuggestedtochangethepollutedfarmlands’usingway,adjustthecorpsplantingstructure

8、，toachievethesecureandhighlyefficientagriculturalusing．Atthesametime，effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenfortreatmentofheavymetalpollutedsoil；cutoffthefoodchainthroughwhichpollutantcouldendangerhumanhealth．Keywords：heavym