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1、语篇提能Ⅰ.阅读理解Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople'sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofchangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadiscouragingthought.But,infact,itcoul
2、doffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshow,hasn'tmeanteconomicfreedom.Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosures(圈地运动)ofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbytakingthemawayfromtheuseoftheland,andthus
3、fromthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople'shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peopletraveledlongerdistancestotheirplaceofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople
4、'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre－industrialtimes,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidem
5、ployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethisnorm(准则)today,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetweensexes.Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeop
6、leandoldpeoplewerekeptout—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersdisappointedandannoyedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.Allthismaynowhavetochange.Thetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortsandresourcesawayfromtheutopian(乌托邦式的)goalofcreatingjobsforall
7、,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmorepeopletomanagewithoutfull－timejobs.1．Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat______.A．jobshaveexistedsincehumancameintobeingB．theindustrialagebroughtjobstoeveryoneC．theindustrialagebroughttheworkpatternsmostpeople'sworkhastakenD
8、．inthefuturemoreandmorepeoplecouldgetjobswiththeindustrydeveloping2．Beforetheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturies,peoplelivedmainlyon______.A．paidwork B．unpaidworkC．taxesandbenefitsD．land3．Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_
