应用纳米技术于个性化医学和生物制

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1、ResiliencetoCrisis:Whathavewelearned?DuncanGreen,OxfamGBUNDESAExpertGroupMeetingonPovertyEradicationAddisAbaba,September2010Oxfam’sresearchontheeconomiccrisis12countrycasestudies,involving2,500individuals-varietyofmethodsDeskreviewofotherresearchbymultilateralsandacademicinstitutions

2、AnalysisoffiscalimpactinlowincomecountriesAllpapersavailableatwww.oxfam.org.uk/economiccrisisChannelsoftransmissionFinanceTradeRemittancesInformaleconomyGovernmentspending…?Aidbudgets?Regionalgeneralisations(withhealthwarnings)EastAsia:ManufacturestradeandlabourmarketsAfrica&Pacific:Co

3、mmodityexportsandtraderevenueLatinAmerica:BothEasternEurope:FinancialcontagionCentralAsia:RemittancesandtradewithRussiaSouthAsia:relativelyinsulated,SriLankaworsthitFiscalimpactsinlowincomecountriesFiscalimpacts(cont’d)Budgetsin2010arebeingcutonaverageby0.2%ofGDPTwo-thirdsofthecountrie

4、sforwhichsocialspendingdetailsareavailable(18outof24)arecuttingbudgetallocationsinoneormoreoftheprioritysocialsectorsofeducation,health,agricultureandsocialprotectionEducationandsocialprotectionareparticularlybadlyaffected,withaveragespendinglevelsin2010lowereventhanthosein2008Adaptedf

5、romDianeElson,UniversityofEssexTransmissionImpactResponseFinanceGendernumbersGendernormsCapitalflightDevaluationConfidenceAidFDICreditsqueezeInvestmentAssetpricesSupportforbanksLoansfromIFIsBorrowingConcessionsforinvestorsProductionGendernumbersGendernorms(Export)demandOutputEmployment

6、EnjoymentofrightsSubsidiesforselectedindustriesLooseninglabourlawsReproductionGendernumbersGendernormsRemittancesInformalpaidworkGovtsocialexpenditureEarningsNutritionSchoolattendanceUnpaidworkInformalpaidworkSocialprotectionEconomicSphereGenderedimpactsResiliencetothecrisisSofar,count

7、riesandhouseholdshavedealtbetterwiththeeconomiccrisisthanweexpectedFamilieshavesupportedeachother,sharedfood,information,money,keptchildreninschoolManyofthoseaffectedhavenotreceivedformalsupportWhatarethelimitsofresilience–forfamiliesandnations,inthecontextofongoingshocks?Sourcesofre