《生物技术概论》PPT课件

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1、基因工程总论100yearsago……GregorMendelwasanAustrian-born,German-speakingAugustinianmonkwhoisfamouslyknownasthefounderofthemodernstudyofgenetics,thoughhisworkdidnotreceivemuchrecognitionuntilafterhisdeath.“孟德尔第一定律——分离定律”和“孟德尔第二定律——独立分配定律”1865年，孟德尔总结出著名的遗传规律，在布尔诺（B

2、rno）自然科学学会宣读了他的论文《植物杂交试验》（ExperimentsinPlantHybridization）”ThomasHuntMorgan(September25,1866–December4,1945)wasanAmericanevolutionarybiologist,geneticistandembryologistandscienceauthorwhowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1933fordiscoveriesrelatingthe

3、rolethechromosomeplaysinhereditySex-linkedinheritanceofwhite-eyesinDrosophilafliesOswaldTheodoreAveryThegeneticrevolutioncanbesaidtohavestartedwiththe1944publicationofapaperbyAveryandhiscolleaguesinwhichtheyprovedthatDNA--notprotein,asmanybelievedatthetime

4、--istheagentofheredity.MarthaChaseandAlfredHershey. 1953DNAisthehereditarymaterial!!FraenkelConratIn1957,HeinzFraenkel-ConratandhiscoworkersansweredthisquestionfortwoRNA-containingviruses:tobaccomosaicvirusJMV),whichinfectstheleavesoftobaccoleaves,andHolme

5、sribgrassvirus(HRV),whichinfectsgrass.DiscoveringtheStructureofDNA美国约翰.霍普金斯医院"forthediscoveryofrestrictionenzymesandtheirapplicationtoproblemsofmoleculargenetics"TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1978WernerArberDanielNathansHamiltonO.SmithDiscoveryofrestr

6、ictionenzymesRestrictionenzymesarenamedfortheorganismtheycomefrom:EcoRI=1strestrictionenzymefoundinE.coliActionofenzymecutDNAatspecificsequencesrestrictionsitesymmetrical“palindrome”producesprotrudingendsstickyendsManydifferentenzymesnamedafterorganismthey

7、arefoundinEcoRI,HindIII,BamHI,SmaIWhatisgene?“Gene”inGeneticGene=CistronBenzer发表《细菌噬菌体遗传区的精细结构》论文，提出了顺反子(Cistron)的概念和基因是决定一条多肽链的DNA片段的概念。顺反子：一个不同突变之间没有互补的功能区。西莫尔·本则尔(SeymourBenzer,1921—)基因表达所需的精细结构原核生物（prokaryote）tayzopstructuralgenepromoterterminatoropera

8、tor启动子promoter终止子terminator操纵元件operatorFrançoisJacob1920-AndréLwoff1902-1994JacquesMonod1910-1976TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1965Promoterofprokaryote表达调控区结构基因区非翻译区非翻译区真核生物（eukaryote）基因结构1基因工程的基本概念重组DNA