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1、CollegeEnglishGrammar:GrammarandWritingByZhuXiangjunUnit12Clause:AdverbialclausesGrammar:AdverbialclausesWriting:Correcting:ArticleMisuseRewriting:Periodic/LoosesentencesAdverbialClauses1.FunctionsAnadverbialclauseisasubordinateclausethatfunctionsasanadverbtomodifyaverb,anadjective,oran
2、adverb.Ittellswhen,where,how,why,towhatextent,orunderwhatcondition.1.1.TomodifyaverbShepassedthedrivingtest.Sheobtainedherdrivinglicense.Aftershehadpassedthedrivingtest,sheobtainedherdrivinglicense.[tellingwhen]1.2.TomodifyanadjectiveThelibraryisagoodplace.Therewestudywell.Itisquiet.T
3、helibraryisagoodplacetostudybecauseitisquiet.[tellingwhy]1.3.TomodifyanadverbHewasoftendisappointed.Hebecamehopeless.Hewasdisappointedsooftenthathebecamehopeless.[tellingtowhatextent]2.FormsandkindsAnadverbialclausealwaysbeginswithsubordinatingconjunction(suchasif,when,because,than,alt
4、hough)andincludesasubject(S.)andapredicate(P.).Anadverbialclause=subordinatingconjunction+S.+P.Subordinatingconjunctionsthatintroduceadverbialclausesmayindicatearelationshipoftime,place,manner,reason,conditionordegree.Theycannotbeomitted.Theycannotbesubjects.Herearekindsofadverbialclaus
5、esandsomeoftheirsubordinatingconjunctions.Place:where,whereverTime:after,before,since,until,when,whenever,while,etc.Manner:as,asif,etc.Reason:as,because,for,inorderthat,since,sothat,that,etc.Degree:as,than,etc.Condition:incase,if,evenif,provided,unless,etc.Concession:although,though,as,
6、whereas,while,etc.Shegoestoanyplace.Therearealwayscrowdsofpeople.Theyarewaitingtoseeher.Wherevershegoes,therearealwayscrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.Herangoff.Ihadnotimetoexplain.HerangoffbeforeIcouldexplain.Hewasexhausted.Hehadbeenseeminglyworkingforhours.Hewasexhaustedasifhehadbeenw
7、orkingforhours.3.PunctuationWhenanadverbialclausebeginsthesentence,acommaisusedtoseparateitfromthemainclause.Shehesitatedforamoment.Shefinallywentin.Sheaskedtoseeadress.Thedresswasinthewindow.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadressthatwasinthewindow.Wh
