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1、高三英语词汇归类总复习纵观历届高考,从单项选择、完形填空、短文改错、单词拼写乃至阅读理解的考查无一不是对词汇的考查。到了高三,仅仅英语一科就有厚厚九本书(新版教材),两千多单词,数不清的习语搭配和同义词,加上复杂的语法、语音的确使英语复习显得很难而又"漫无边际"。怎样才能花较少的时间取得较大的复习效果?下面就历届高考词汇考查频繁的内容,从语法、习语、辨析和拼写等四方面将语音、词汇、语法和拼写融为一体,谈谈英语词汇的归类总复习。一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关英语词汇大多具有本身词义外,还有其语法功能,我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,
2、而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。1.宾语不同,意义也不同英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:goondoing(继续干同一件事)goontodo(接着去干另一件事)stopdoingsth.(停止正在干的事)stoptodosth.(停下来去干某事)regretdoing(后悔干了某事)regrettodo(相当于besorrytodo)forget/remembe
3、rdoing(忘记/记得已做过的事)forget/remembertodo(忘记/记得要干的事)meandoing(意味着干…)meantodo(想干…)trydoing(尝试做)trytodo(设法做)(95高考)"Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.“"Well,nowIregret________that."A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone(92高考)"Iusuallygotherebytrain.“"Whynot___byboatfo
4、rachange?"A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:Weforbidsmokinghere.(宾语)Weforbidyoutosmokehere.(宾补)Youareforbiddentosmokehere.(主补)(87高考)Theywouldnotallowhim__acrosstheenemyline
5、.A.toriskgoingB.riskinggoingC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义),可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如:Theroomrequirestobecleaned/cleaning.(85高考)Thissentenceneeds_____________.A.animprovementB.improveC.improvingD.impro
6、ved4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,makeupone‘smind,used,beabout,beable,have等。如:hepretended__mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,excap
7、e,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feellike,lookforwardto,can'thelp,keep(on),miss,beusedto,excuse,beworth,imagine,putoff,giveup等。如:(92高考)Iwouldappreciate___backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.youarecalling(87高考)Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed
8、___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch6.半系动词