中国气候变化，低碳发展报告

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1、INFOCUSPOLICYBRIEFINGResearchandanalysisfromtheInstituteofDevelopmentStudiesISSUE08CHINAANDDEVELOPMENT:LESSONSFORANDFROMTHEWORLDSEPTEMBER2009ClimateChange,Energy,andLow-carbonDevelopmentintheChineseContextChinafacesthechallengeofachievinghigherlevelsofdevelopmentintimesofclimatecha

2、ngeandwithinacarbon-constrainedworld.Chinahasbeguntoimplementplansforlow-carbongrowth,renewableenergyandclimatechangepolicy.othercountriescanlearnfromthisexperience–bothfromwhathasandhasn’tworked.atthesametimeChinacanlearnhowtoavoidfollowingthesamehigh-carbondevelopmentpathwayasdev

3、elopedcountriesandhowtodeveloplow-carbontechnologies.IntroductionCarbondioxideemissionsbysomeoftheworld’slargestDevelopingcountrieshavehistoricallyemittersandtheafricancontinentcontributedverylittletoclimatechange–themaincauseisthegraph1:totalemissionsin2006greenhousegasemissionsof

4、developedUScountriescumulatedoverthepasttwoChinacenturies(graph3).ThissituationwillEUchangeasemergingeconomieslikeafricaChina,IndiaandSouthAfricaincreasetheiremissions–accordingtosome0100020003000400050006000mtonsCo2sourcesChinaisalreadytheworld’shighestemitterofcarbondioxide,thegr

5、aph2:Co2emissionspercapitain2006majorgreenhousegas.USChinaChina’semissionspartlycomefromitsEUhighuseofcoal-fuelledenergy,whichisneededforsustainingandexpandingafricaitslargeeconomy.Howeverwhile05101520greenhousegasemissionsandenergytonsCo2/capitausearehighinabsoluteterms(graph1),gr

6、aph3:Cumulativeemissionsfrom1900–2003thepercapitaemissionsandenergyuseUSareseveraltimeslowerinChinathanChinaindevelopedcountries(graph2).EUNevertheless,themajorityofChina’safrica1.3billioninhabitantsstillrelyoncoalastheirmajorenergysource.050100150200250300350gtonsCo2Whilemanypeopl

7、efromdevelopedSource:InternationalEnergyAgency,2009andWorldResourcesInstitute,2009.ThedatainthesegraphsdoesnotaccountforclaimsbyTheNetherlandsEnvironmentalAssessmentAgencythatin2006ChinaovertooktheUSintermsoftotalcarbondioxideemissionsby8percent.countriesthinkofChinaastheworld’sIDS

8、INFOCUSPOLICYBRIEFING8.2CL