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1、内脏学兰州大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG内脏(viscera)包括消化、呼吸、泌尿、生殖四个系统。内脏学(splanchnology)指研究内脏各器官形态结构和位置的科学。总论January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversi
2、ty.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG内脏模式图January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG一、内脏的一般结构内脏器官可分为两大类：中空性器官实质性器官January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.Allrightreserve
3、dbyYPHOUandYFSONG中空性器官：管状、囊状，内有空腔。◆消化道：胃、肠◆呼吸道：气管、支气管◆泌尿道：输尿管、膀胱◆生殖道：输精管、输卵管、子宫January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG中空性器官的管壁有数层组织构成，其中：◆消化道各器官的壁由四层组织构成：粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层、外膜；◆呼吸道、泌尿道和生殖道各器官的壁由三层组织构成。肠壁的
4、结构January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG实质性器官：内无特定的空腔，多属腺组织。◆表面：包以结缔组织的被膜或浆膜；◆内部：结缔组织被膜深入器官实质内，将器官实质分割成若干个的小单位，称为小叶；◆门：分布于实质性器官的血管、神经、淋巴管，以及该器官的导管等出入器官之处，常有一凹陷，称为该器官的门。January,2007Copyright©Depar
5、t.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG二、胸部标志线和腹部分区January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG胸部标志线前正中线anteriormedianline胸骨线sternalline锁骨中线midclavicularline胸骨旁线pa
6、rasternalline腋前线anterioraxillaryline腋后线posterioraxillaryline腋中线midaxillaryline肩胛线scapularline后正中线posteriormedianlineJanuary,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG胸部的标志线January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatom
7、y,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG胸部的标志线January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.AllrightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG胸部的标志线January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.Allr
8、ightreservedbyYPHOUandYFSONG腹部的分区◆四分法：左上腹、右上腹和左下腹、右下腹◆九分法：上腹部-腹上区，左、右季肋区中腹部-脐区，左、右腹外侧区下腹部-耻区，左、右腹股沟区January,2007Copyright©Depart.Anatomy,SchoolofMedicine,LanzhouUniversity.A
