蔬菜地土壤磷饱和度及其对磷释放和水质的影响

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1、植物营养与肥料学报2006，12(4)：544—548P1airNutritionandFertilizerScience蔬菜地土壤磷饱和度及其对磷释放和水质的影响章明奎，周翠，方利平(浙江大学环境与资源学院资源科学系，浙江杭州310029)摘要：为了解蔬菜地土壤磷素的积累对水环境的影响，我们在浙江省选择了33个代表性蔬菜地，采集和分析了土壤、地表水和地下水样的磷素状况，从土壤磷饱和度的角度，研究了浙江省主要蔬菜土壤磷积累状况及其对地表和地下水水质和土壤磷释放潜力的影响。结果表明，半透膜渗析法测得的磷释放量与土壤磷积累呈正相关，磷释放量随土壤磷饱和度的提高而增加。蔬菜地土壤磷饱和度的

2、增加可显著提高地表水体和地下水中磷的浓度，当土壤磷饱和度小于25％左右时，水体中磷浓度随土壤磷饱和度增加较为缓慢；但当磷饱和度大于25％时，水体中磷浓度随土壤磷饱和度提高迅速上升。地表水中磷浓度主要与表层土壤磷饱和度有关；地下水中磷浓度主要受深层土壤磷饱和度的影响，与表层土壤磷饱和度的相关性较小。土壤磷饱和度可很好地表征土壤磷释放和对环境的潜在影响。关键词：蔬菜地；磷饱和度；磷释放；水质；中图分类号：S158．3文献标识码：A文章编号：1008—505X(2006)04—0544—05Phosphorussaturationdegreeofsoilsonvegetablefarmsa

3、nditseffectsonsoilphosphorusreleasepotentialandwaterqualityZHANGMing-kui，ZHOUCui，FANGLi·ping(CollegeofEnvironmentalandResourceSdences，Zhej~ngUniversity，Hangzhou310029，China)Abstract：Phosphoruslossesfromagriculturalsoilstowatercanposeathreattowaterquality．TheconcernoverPwithrespecttowaterquality

4、isitsstimulationonalgaeandotheraquaticplantgrowth．PhosphorusinputstoagriculturalsoilsthatareregularlyfertilizedwithmineralPcanexceedcroprequirement．Thisover-suppliedPoftenresultsinexcessivePaccumulationinthesoil，andsuchsoilsrepresentapotentialdifusesourceofpollutionasPfortheeutrophicationofsur—

5、facewaters．LittleinformationisavailableonthereleaseintensityofPtowaterfromvegetablesoilsanditsrelationtothePsaturationdegreeinthesoils．Inthisstudy，33surfacesoilsamplesand17soilprofileswithawiderangeoftotalP，andrunofandgroundwatersampleswerecollectedfromvariousvegetablefieldsinZhejiangprovince．R

6、esultsshowedthatlong-termoverapplicationofPcouldelevatePsaturationdegree，increasedPreleasepotentialfromthesoils．PhosphorusreleaseintensitymeasuredbymeansofdialysisWaspositivelycorrelatedwithsoilPaccumulation，andincreasedsignifi—canflywithPsaturationdegreeofthesoils．IncreasedsoilPsaturationdegre

7、ecouldincreasePconcentrationsinsurfacewatersandgroundwater．ThePconcentrationinsurfacerunoffincreasedslowlywithincreasingPsaturationdegreewhenPsaturationdegreewasbelow25％。butitincreasedrapidlywhenPsaturationdegreewasover25％．ThePcon