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1、第22卷第4期环境科学研究Vol.22,No.42009年4月ResearchofEnvironmentalSciencesApr.,2009降水对农田排水沟渠中氮磷流失的影响1,22*1,22,3222于会彬,席北斗,郭旭晶,翟丽华,何连生,许其功,刘鸿亮1.北京师范大学环境学院,北京1008752.中国环境科学研究院,北京1000123.清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084摘要:以浙江嘉兴双桥农场为研究对象,分析降水对农田沟渠中氮、磷流失的影响,揭示氮、磷在降水径流中流失的一
2、般规律.在单晚稻生长期间,同步监测了施肥后的2次降水量和沟渠径流量,并对2次降水径流的全过程进行污染物含量的测定,对农田排水沟渠径流量与污染物含量随2次降水变化过程进行监测.结果表明:污染物含量变化呈现出大致相同的趋势,且污染物含量峰值比流量峰值提前2~3h;在降水初期,污染物含量随径流量的增大而升高;随着流量的继续增大,含量呈下降趋势.施肥后4d内降水的农田沟渠中氮、磷随径流的流失量比4d后大.影响氮、磷流失的因素主要有降水量、降水时间间隔、径流量、施肥的种类和数量、土壤前期含水量以及沟渠中的沉积物等
3、.氮流失的主要形态为氨氮和硝氮;磷流失的主要形态为磷酸盐.通过回归分析发现,径流量与氮、磷排放负荷间符合多项式关系.关键词:农田排水沟渠;降水径流;氮;磷;回归分析中图分类号:X52文献标志码:A文章编号:1001-6929(2009)04-0409-06EffectofRainfallRunoffonNitrogenandPhosphorusLossinFarmingDrainageDitch1,221,22,3222YUHuibin,XIBeidou,GUOXujing,ZHAIL
4、ihua,HELiansheng,XUQigong,LIUHongliang1.SchoolofEnvironment,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875,China2.ChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences,Beijing100012,China3.DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing10
5、0084,ChinaAbstract:TherelationshipofnitrogenandphosphoruslossandrainfallrunoffbasedonnaturalrainfalleventswasmonitoredinafielddrainageditchofShuangqiaofarminJiaxing,ZhejiangProvince.Duringgrowthofasinglecropoflaterice,rainfallsandditchrunoffsafterfertili
6、zingweremeasuredtwicesimultaneously,andcontentsofnitrogenandphosphorouswerealsomeasured.Thevariationsofnutrientconcentrationandrunoffweremeasuredandanalyzed.Thetrendsofconcentrationvariationfornitrogenandphosphorouswerealmostthesame,andtheirpeakvalueswer
7、etwotothreehoursearlierthanthepeakrunoff.Shortlyafterrainfallstarted,theconcentrationsofnitrogenandphosphorusincreasedwithincreasingrunoffflow.Later,theydecreasedwithincreasedrunoffflow.Thelossofnitrogenandphosphoruswithinthefirstfourdaysafterfertilizing
8、wasgreaterthanthelossafterfourdays.Thepredominantfactorsaffectingnitrogenandphosphoruslosswererainfall,raininterval,runoff,typeandquantityoffertilizer,preliminarywatercontentinsoil,sedimentsinfarmingditchandsoon.Thelossofn
