两宋开封临安皇城宫苑研究

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1、摘要传统史料均说北宋东京皇宫周五里，考古发掘中发现今开封潘杨湖区有宋代古城遗址周2500余米，更坐实了该说。如果我们对开封历代皇宫的沿革进行分析，结合考古资料，就可以得出北宋东京皇城周约4200余米，合宋代七里余的结论。北宋东京皇城，其实就是号称周九里余的西京(洛阳)大内1:1的翻版。根据史学界的传统看法，北宋末年东京良岳以旧封丘门南北一线为东界。如果再综合分析相关史料，我们可以得出应该以里城东墙为良岳东界的结论，这样，良岳的面积将会比传统看法扩大约一倍。北宋末年，在开封里城以北，形成了一个以撷芳园、景龙江、曲江池等为主体的庞大宫苑，其范围和分布可以通过分析史料进行

2、初步确定。南宋临安凤凰山皇城大内地形复杂，由于缺乏考古资料的缘故，其范围也是长期以来模糊不清，其内部布局更是很难说清。综合分析相关史料以及进行实地调查，我们可以比较具体地确定临安皇城的范围，并进一步分析其中建筑物的分布和景观设置。南宋临安北内德寿宫的后苑，以及西湖边上的几所离宫别苑，其建设非常精致，取景也独具匠心，从中透射出在巨大的政治背景变迁下，南宋独特的社会文化和时代精神。关键词:宋代开封临安皇城宫苑良岳凤凰山西湖AbstractTraditionalhistoricalmaterialsallsaythatNorthSongDynastyKaifengPala

3、ceCity'sperimeteris5Chinesemiles.Inarchaeologicalworkoflateyears,peoplefoundaSongDynastyancientwall'ssitewhichperimeterismorethan2500meterintodayKaifengcity'sPanyanglakearea.Itconfirmsancientbooks'records.WiththeanalysisofevolutionofKaifengPalacethroughtheages,andcombineallkindsofarcha

4、eologicalmaterials,wecanconcludethatNorthSongDynastyKaifengPalaceCity'sperimeterisaboutmorethan4200meter,itisaboutmorethan7ChinesemilesinSongDynasty.Infact,NorthSongDynastyKaifengPalaceCityis1:1republicationofLuoyangPalaceCity.Accordingtohistoriographygroup'straditionalopinion,inthelas

5、tstageofNorthSongDynasty,KaifengGenMountain'seastboundaryisjusttoOldFengqiuGate.Ifwegoonanalyzerelatedhistoricalmaterials,wecanconcludethatGenMountain'seastboundaryshouldtoKaifenginnercity'seastwall.Thatistosay,GenMountain'sacreageshouldbebroadenedprobablyonetimethantraditionalopinion.

6、InthelaststageofNorthSongDynasty,northtoKaifenginnercity,therecomeintobeingalargepalaceandgardengroupincludeXiefangPalace,IinglongRiver,andQujiangLakeetc.Thesepalacesandgardens'areaanddistributingcanbeinitiallydeterminedbyanalyzinghistoricalmaterials.SouthSongDynastyLin-anPhoenixMounta

7、inPalace'slandformisverycomplex.Duetothelackofarchaeologicaldatum,thispalace'sareaisn'tclearbylongtime.Soastothispalace'sinnerlayoutisn'tclearevenmore.Throughanalyzingrelatedhistoricalmaterialsandprocessinginvestigationonthespot,wecancomparativelyconcretelyLin-anPalaceCity'sarea.Weca