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1、第3讲:超短脉冲的测量(Measurementofanultrashortpulse)柴路Outlines为什么测量超短脉冲是一项挑战?为什么要对超短脉冲进行测量?对超短脉冲的全面描述需要那些测量量？光谱仪与Michelson干涉仪自相关法频率分辨光学开关法(FROG)光谱相位干涉直接电场重构法(SPIDER)光电子技术精品课程超短脉冲的测量Ⅰ：自相关法OutlinesIntensityAutocorrelationSingle-shotautocorrelationThird-orderAutocorrelationIntensityCross-Cor
2、relationInterferometricAutocorrelation光电子技术精品课程强度自相关器CrossingbeamsinanSHGcrystal,varyingthedelaybetweenthem,andmeasuringthesecond-harmonic(SH)pulseenergyvs.delayyieldstheIntensityAutocorrelation:TheIntensityAutocorrelation:DelayBeam-splitterInputpulseApertureeliminatesinputpulses
3、andalsoanySHcreatedbytheindividualinputbeams.SlowdetectorMirrorE(t)E(t–t)MirrorsSHGcrystalLens光电子技术精品课程Whatifweuseacollinearbeamgeometry,andallowtheautocorrelatorsignallighttointerferewiththeSHGfromeachindividualbeam?DevelopedbyJ-CDielsUsualAutocor-relationtermNewtermsAlsocalledt
4、he“Fringe-ResolvedAutocorrelation”FilterSlowdetectorSHGcrystalLensBeam-splitterInputpulseDelayMirrorMirrorE(t)E(t–t)MichelsonInterferometerDielsandRudolph,UltrashortLaserPulsePhenomena,AcademicPress,1996.干涉自相关器光电子技术精品课程Outlines:TheMusicalScoreandtheSpectrogramFrequency-ResolvedOp
5、ticalGating(FROG)SHG-FROGandothergeometriesXFROG,Single-shotFROGandGRENOILLE超短脉冲测量Ⅱ：频率分辨光开关法光电子技术精品课程FROG：用复制的可延迟的脉冲与原脉冲在非线性介质中的瞬时相互作用作为光学开关；对开关脉冲随时间的变化进行光谱分辨。Useanyultrafastnonlinearity:Second-harmonicgeneration,etc.“PolarizationGate”GeometryNonlinearmedium(glass)Pulsetobemeasur
6、edVariabledelay,tCameraSpec-trometerBeamsplitterE(t)E(t-t)Esig(t,t)=E(t)
7、E(t-t)
8、245°polarizationrotation频率分辨光学开关法(FROG)光电子技术精品课程Baltuska,Pshenichnikov,andWeirsma,J.Quant.Electron.,35,459(1999).SHGFROGMeasurementsofa4.5-fsPulse!光电子技术精品课程超短脉冲测量Ⅲ：SPIDERWhatisSPIDER?HowSPIDERworks?SP
9、IDERapparatusX-SPIDEROutlines:光电子技术精品课程tChirpedpulsetttThispulsesumswiththebluepartofthechirpedpulse.Thispulsesumswiththegreenpartofthechirpedpulse.Tworeplicasofthepulseareproduced,eachfrequencyshiftedbyadifferentamount.PerformingSIonthesetwopulsesyieldsthedifferenceinspectralpha
10、seatnearbyfrequencies(separatedbydw).Thi
