覆膜开孔蒸发条件下土体高度对水盐运移的影响(I)

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1、万方数据2010年9月农业机械学报第41卷第9期DOI：10．3969／j．issn．1000—1298．2010．09．010覆膜开孔蒸发条件下土体高度对水盐运移的影响高金芳李毅陈世平马孝义(西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌712100)【摘要】通过不同高度土体在不同覆膜开孑L率条件下的室内蒸发试验，研究了土体高度变化时水盐分布的差异与相互联系。试验结果表明，不同高度土体的单位深度累积蒸发量与时间变化符合Gardner理论关系，单位深度累积蒸发量与时间和土体总高度存在二元线性函数关系；单位深度累积蒸发量和单位膜孔面积单位

2、深度累积蒸发量均与土体高度和覆膜开孔率存在较好的函数关系；土体高度越小，单位深度含盐量和盐分浓度变化幅度越大，土体高度是影响盐分上行的影响因素之一；覆膜开孔限制土壤水分蒸发速度进而影响土体盐分表聚，因此减小覆膜开孔率可以有效减少土体盐分表聚。关键词：覆膜开孑L率土体高度单位深度累积蒸发量水盐运移中图分类号：S152．7文献标识码：A文章编号：1000—1298(2010)09—0050—06EffectsofSoilColumnHeightsonMovementofSoilWaterandSoilSaltduringEvaporationunder

3、PerforatedPlasticMulchGaoJinfangLiYiChenShipingMaXiaoyi(KeyLaboratoryofAgriculturalSoilandWaterEngineeringinAridandSemiaridAreas．NorthwestA&FUniversityYangling，Shannxi712100，China)AbstractThroughlaboratoryevaporationexperimentsofsoilcolumnwithdifferentheightsandmulchedatdiffer

4、entopen—holeratios，thedifferenceofthedistributionsofsoilwaterandsoilsaltandtheirconnectionswerestudiedatdifferentheightsofsoilcolumn．Theresultsshowedthat，thevariationsbetweencumulativeevaporationatunitdepthandevaporationtimefitGardner’Stheoryforallthesoilcolumnheights．Therewer

5、e2-variablelinearfunctionsbetweencumulativeevaporationatunitdepth，evaporationtimeandtotalsoilheight．Therewasrelativelygoodrelationshipbetweencumulativeevaporationatunitdepthandtotalsoilheightaswellasopen—holeratios．Therewerealsorelativelygoodrelationshipbetweencumulativeevapor

6、ationatunitdepthbyunitareaoffilmholesandtotalsoilheightaswellasopenholeratios．Thesmallerthetotalsoilheight，thelargerthevariationrangesofsoilsaltcontentatunitdepthandsoilsaltconcentration．Thetotalsoilheightwasafactorthatinfluencedonupwardmovementofsoilsalt．Becauseplasticmulchwi

7、thopenholesrestrainedsoilwaterevaporationratesandalsoaffectedaccumulationofsoilsaltonsoilsurface，itwaseffectivetodecreasesoilsaltaccumulationonsoilsurfacebydecreasingopen—holeratiosofplastic．KeywordsOpen—holeratio，Soilheight，Cumulativeevaporationofunitdepth，Soilwaterandsoilsa】

8、tmovement收稿日期：2009—10—15修回日期：2009—12—11+国家自然科学基金资助项目(50709028