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1、中国农业大学学报2008,13(5):55-62JournalofChinaAgriculturalUniversity澜沧江-湄公河流域鱼类资源区域合作管理与养护策略探讨1,222,32刘艳红黄硕琳陈锦辉闫新刚(1.红河学院生命科学与生物技术学院,云南蒙自661100;2.上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海200090;3.上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理处,上海200092)摘要采用文献资料与实证相结合的综合分析方法,研究了澜沧江-湄公河流域鱼类资源及生态状况。结果表明:目前全流域拥有鱼类接近2000种,年天然捕捞量达160万~180万t,且大多
2、数经济鱼类属跨界洄游种群。但近年由于过度捕捞和大型水电工程等造成水文情势变化、栖息地破坏和洄游通道堵塞,导致流域鱼类生物多样性降低和渔业产量下降。为保证流域鱼类资源的可持续利用,笔者认为流域六国应在区域层面上构建鱼类资源联合管理和养护机制,提出相应策略即:建立区域性流域联合管理机构,协调国家间的水资源开发行为、平衡各国利益;考虑水资源利用的其他目标,在整个区域层面上统筹流域电站建设规划并建立水库联合生态调度制度,保证各个功能协调发展;制定区域性跨境鱼类资源保护及濒危物种救助行动计划等。关键词国际河流;澜沧江-湄公河;跨境洄游鱼类;区域合作管理与养
3、护;可持续利用中图分类号S931文章编号1007-4333(2008)05-0055-08文献标志码AStrategystudyonregionalconservationandmanagementoffishresourcesintheLancang-MekongRiverBasin1,223,22LIUYan-hong,HUANGShuo-lin,CHENJin-hui,YANXin-gang(1.LifeScienceandTechnologySchoolofHongheCollege,Mengzi661100,China;2.Marine
4、ScienceColegeofShanghaiOceanUniversity,Shanghai200090,China;3.SuperintendencyDepartmentofShanghaiYangtzeEstuarineNatureReserveforChineseSturgeon,Shanghai200092,China)AbstractThepresentfishresourcesandtheirexistingstatusintheLancang-MekongRiverBasinwerestudiedbycom-prehensivea
5、nalysisofdocumentdataanddemonstration.Theresultshowsthatthereareabout2000fishspeciesinthewholebasinandmajorityofthembelongtotrans-boundarymigratorypopulations,andtheannualfishingcatchisabout160-180milliontons.However,inrecentyears,duetoove-rfishingaswellasthechangeofthehydrol
6、ogicsituation,habitatdestructionandmigratorypassageblockagecausedbylargehydropowerprojectconstruction,whichresultinthedropoffishbiodiversityandfisheryproduction.Inordertosustainableutilizationofwildfreshwaterfishresources,theauthorthinksthatthemechanismofjointmanagementandcon
7、servationoffishresourcesontheregionallevelshouldbeconstructedbysixcountriesinthebasin,andputsforwardcorrespondingstrategies:establishingajointmanage-mentorganizationfortheriverbasinsoastocoordinatethedevelopmentofwaterresourceandtobalanceinterestsa-mongcountriesinthebasin;tak
8、ingotherobjectivesofwaterresourceutilizationintoconsiderationsoastoo