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1、Unit4GoodHabitsLesson22GotoBedEarly!语法点的讲练动名词动名词的定义它是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为:v-ing,动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。动名词的时态和语态的基本形式:(以write为例)时态语态一般时完成时主动语态writinghavingwritten被动语态beingwrittenhavingbeenwritten注意:动名词的否定形式是:notwritingV-ing形式的构成
2、方式:1.在一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加词尾--ing。eg.go--going;do--doing;ask--asking;read--readingstudy--studying;carry--carrying;fly--flying;worry--worrying;2.在以不发音的e结尾的动词后,去掉e,再加--ing。eg.come--coming;live--living;dance--dancingmake--making3.在闭音节的单音节动词后、以重读闭音节结尾的多音节动词,而末尾
3、只有一个辅音字母时,将这个辅音字母双写(x除外),然后再加–ing.eg.sit--sitting;run--running;begin--beginning;forget--forgetting4.在少数几个以–ie结尾的动词后:须将–ie变作y,再加-ing。(这些动词词典一般均注明)eg.die--dying;tie--tying;lie--lying性质主语表语宾语宾补定语状语动名词n.pron.动名词能在句中充当什么成分?动名词的基本用法1.用作主语所表动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作。
4、Playingwithfireisdangerous.Climbingmountainsisreallyfun.注意:动名词做主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。1)Itisnouse/good/useless+doing…2)Itisawasteoftime+doing…3)Itisfun+doing…在以上两种结构中常用动名词作主语。It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)Thereisnojokingaboutthematter.I
5、tisfunplayingwithchildren.和孩子们一起玩真好。2.用作宾语1)作动词的宾语某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,giveup,cannothelp,imagine,include,keep,keepon,mind,miss,putoff,delay,practise,resist,suggest,dependon,thinkabout,set
6、about,succeedin,worryabout,burstout,insiston,can’tstand,beusedto,getusedto,devote…to…,lookforwardto,payattentionto,getdownto等。如:Theywentonwalkingandneverstoppedtalking.他们继续走,说个不停。Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheseashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。为了便于记忆,特归纳如下:后跟-ing的动词的顺口溜
7、:避免,错过,(少)延期建议,完成,(多)练习喜欢,想象,禁不住承认,否定,(又)妒忌逃避,冒险,(多)原谅忍受,保持,(不)介意avoid,miss,postpone/putoffsuggest,finish,practiceenjoy,imagine,can’thelpadmit,deny,envyescape,risk,excusestand,keep,mind2)作介词的宾语Wearethinkingofmakinganewplanforthenextterm.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。Sh
8、allwehavearestorgetdowntodoingourwork?我们休息呢还是开始干活?Despitelackingmoney,hisparentssenthimtoagooduniversity.Hewaslateagainbecauseofgettinguplate.Lockthedoorsandwindowsbeforegoingout.What/Howaboutthetwoofusplayinggames?