土木工程专业英语词汇短语总结

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1、Lesson1IntroductiontoMechanicsofMaterials材料力学mechanicsofmaterials材料强度strengthofmaterials轴向受力杆件axially-loadedbars应变strain应力stress变形deformation临界荷载criticalload拉压剪tensioncompressionshear等直杆件prismaticbar轴力axialforce隔离体freebody拉力tensileforce截面crosssection形心centroid无量纲的量non

2、dimensionalquantity可变形的deformable装配，集合assembly推论derivation方程equation性能property棱柱的prismatic液体静力学的hydrostatic集度，强度intensity合力resultant静力学statics伸长，延长elongationLesson2TypesofBeamsandStressResultantsinBeams横截的transverse对称symmetry弯曲bending不对称的unsymmetrical/asymmetrical销轴pi

3、n滚轴roller移动translate水平地horizontally支撑，支持sustain嵌住的built-in悬臂梁cantilever悬臂overhang均匀的，一致的uniformly力偶couple约束restraint柔性的flexible法向的，正态normal图像diagram对称轴axisofsymmetry简支梁simplysupportedbeam(simplebeam)集中力concentratedforce分布力distributedload均布荷载uniformlydistributedload静力学

4、平衡方程equationofstaticequilibrium竖向verticaldirection跨度，区间span应力分布distributionofstresses弯矩bendingmoment静定staticallydeterminate水平约束horizontalrestraintLesson3PrincipalStressesinBeams法向应力normalstress剪应力shearstress横截面crosssection中性轴neutralaxis主应力principalstress弯矩M和剪力Vbending

5、momentandshearforce主压应力compressiveprincipalstress主拉应力tensileprincipalstress正交曲线orthogonalcurves应力迹线stresstrajectory应力等值线stresscontour局部效应localizedeffects应力集中stressconcentration大小，数量magnitude矩形的rectangular相交intersect腹板web连接junction角缝filletLesson4ContinuousBeams连续梁conti

6、nuousbeam轴向变形axialdeformations销轴支承pinsupport辊轴支承rollersupport静不定次数thedegreeofstaticalindetermincy多余的redundant叠加、迭加superposition旋转角anglesofrotation正弯矩positivebendingmoment形心间距centroidaldistance惯性矩inertia中间的intermediate有利的advantageous同时的simultaneous协调一致compactibilityLes

7、son5Unit-loadMethodforCalculatingDisplacements单位荷载法：unit-loadmethod简单桁架simpletrusses静定/静不定结构staticallydeterminate/indeterminatestructure虚荷载dummy/fictitiousload移动translation共线反向力collinearandoppositelydirectedforces虚功virtualwork相对位移relativedisplacement扭转力偶twistingcouple

8、与。。。一致correspondto...笼统地inageneralizedsenseLesson6ReciprocalTheorems互等定理reciprocaltheorems位移。。。reciprocaldisplacementtheorem