III生殖细胞发生与受精(I)

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1、DevelopmentalBiologyChapter3:ThegermcelldevelopmentandfertilizationThegermcelldevelopmentandfertilizationHowarethegermcellsspecifiedanddetermined?Howaretheprimordialgermcellsdifferentiatedintoeggsandsperm?(includingmeiosis)Fertilizationandactivationoftheeggbythespermthatinitiatestheembryonicdevel

2、opment.Thegermcelldevelopmentandfertilization1Thegermcellfatedeterminationanddevelopmentofgonads1.1Specificationanddeterminationoftheprimordialgermcells(PGCs)1.2Thegermcellmigrationanddevelopmentofgonads2Gametogenesis2.1Spermatogenesis2.2Oogenesis3Fertilization3.1Therecognitionofeggandsperm3.2The

3、preventionofpolyspermy3.3TheactivationofeggmetabolismThegermcelldevelopmentandfertilization1Thegermcellfatedeterminationanddevelopmentofgonads1.1Specificationanddeterminationoftheprimordialgermcells(PGCs)1.2Thegermcellmigrationanddevelopmentofgonads2Gametogenesis2.1Spermatogenesis2.2Oogenesis3Fer

4、tilization3.1Therecognitionofeggandsperm3.2Thepreventionofpolyspermy3.3TheactivationofeggmetabolismSpecificationanddeterminationofthePGCsGametesinallsexuallyreproducingorganismsarisefromtheprimordialgermcells(PGCs)Inmanyinstances(includingnematodes,flies,andfrogs),thePGCsarespecifiedanddetermined

5、autonomouslybythecytoplasmicdeterminantsintheeggthatarecomprisedofspecificproteinsandmRNAs.Thesecytoplasmicdeterminantsarecollectivelyreferredtoasthegermplasm（生殖质）Germplasmcanbeidentifiedmorphologicallybythepresenceofconspicuousmembrane-unboundorganelleswithanelectron-densegranulofibrillarappeara

6、ncecalledgermgranulesPgranulesinC.elegansPolargranulesinDrosophilaGerminalgranulesinXenopusThegermcellfateofC.elegansisdeterminedatthe16-cellembryoTheadultgonadsandearlydevelopmentofthefertilizedegginCelegansThecelllineagechartinthedevelopmentofCelegans558cellspresentinthenewlyhatchedlarva,959som

7、aticcellsintheadultOriginofthePGCsinDrosophilaInDrosophila,thePGCsformasagroupofpolecellsattheposteriorpoleofthecellularizingblastoderm.Thepoleplasm（极质）attheposteriorpoleiscriticalfordeterminationofthePGCsinflies.Thepo