三相异步电动机断相保护电路

《三相异步电动机断相保护电路》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、三相异步电动机断相保护电路2大庆师范学院课程设计2010年12月24日目录1.设计要求··································································································12.方案设计··································································································12.1常见的信号源制作方法····································

2、···································12.2方案论证·························································································23.单元电路设计和器件选择············································································23.1单元电路设计································································

3、···················23.2器件选择························································································34.电路的工作原理························································································65.总结··············································································

4、··························66.系统需要的元器件清单···············································································7参考文献····································································································71.设计要求异步电动机在运行过程中经常发生电断相的故障，这主要是由某一相的熔断器断造成的另外外部电源断相、交流接触器某一对主触点接触不良、接线松

5、动和电动绕组内部开路。也可能引起断相故障。断相出现负序分量，正序对称电压和负序对称压分别产生两个旋转方向相反的旋转磁场二者合成后为一椭圆形旋转磁场。负序电激发的负序磁场使电机输出功率和电磁转下降。在空载或轻载时，电源断相后，电动般不会停止运行，但是剩下的两相负载流明显增大。如果是重载时断相，断相后电机的最大转矩一般小于额定转矩，如果负转矩大于此时的最大输出转矩，电动机将断减速，直至堵转。对于恒转矩和恒功率载．电流将增大至正常运行时的好几倍，如没有有效的保护，电动机的绕组将会很快毁。水泵风机类负载的负载转矩与转速的方成正比，如果在重载时断相，转速下降后负载转矩下降得很多，断相后可以稳定运

6、行但是断相后的稳态电流可能超过额定电流。实践表明，电源断相是异步电动机烧毁的要原因，据统计，在异步电动机绕组烧毁的障中，7O%以上是由电源断相引起的，因此必要给异步电动机(特别是大中型异步电机)设置可靠的断相保护装置。针对三相异步电动机定子绕组烧毁的原因，一般采用的保护技术有过热保护、过流保护和断相保护。断相保护是指电动机损坏，大多数是断相运行造成的，而人们对断相运行给电机造成什么样的危害，应采取什么样的保护方式合适，至今尚没有比较一致的意见。很长一段时间比较普遍的观点认为；断相运行将导致电机绕组过热而损坏。断相瞬间在断相绕组两端产生高于额定电压数倍的反．电势给电机造成的危害远大于过热

7、给电机造成的危害，况且断相故障又不能自动排除，因此对电机的断相保护应瞬时动作保护而不是反时限特性保护和过热保护。电动机保护器（电机保护器）应采取动作灵敏的电子式而不是动作缓慢的机电式。2.方案设计2.1系统简图本系统具有断相监测显示功能，在断相情况下先使故障显示电路工作后，再切断主电源电路。具有断相切断主回路电源，保证了电动机的安全功能。1三相交流电源熔断器FU1KMFPM三相异步电动机断相显示电路接触器KM中间继电器KA图1系统简图2.2方案