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1、IntroductionINTRODUCTIONAndnow....lesthelivefor....GoddrovethemanfromtheGarden.Genesis3:22-24WasthereoncesuchaGardenwheremanlivedandmightneverhavedied,asubstantivebasisforallthoseShangri-Laswherepeoplescarcelyevergrewoldonly,inthisGarden,theywouldneve
2、rhavegrownoldatall?Isitconceivablethatmancouldhavelivedonandonendlessly,forhundredsofyears,evenforthousandsofyearsperhaps,indeed,evenforever?Isnotdeathinevitableastheappropriateandexpectedendforeverythingthatlives-notonlyforanimalsbutformanaswell?Isno
3、tdyingautomaticallypartandparcelofthepriceofliving?Isnoteverylivingthingdestinedtodie?ResearchintheLifeScienceshasbeenmodifyingouropiniononthesemattersquitefundamentally.Itisnowclearthatinnumerablelivingthingsactuallyneverdodie.Theysimplydivideintotwo
4、andgomerrilyontheirway,multiplyingindefinitelybutleavingnodeadbehind-barringaccidents.Suchformsoflifeactuallyfaroutnumberthosethataremortal!Itisquitetruethattheyaretinyorganismsandmightnotbethoughttohaveanykindof"reallife"experience:butthisisnotso.Sma
5、llthoughtheyare,thosewhohaveinvestigatedthemhaveconcludedthatintheirownwaytheyexperiencemanyofthereactionswhichweattributetohigherorganismswithintelligence,e.g.,dogs*.Lifeisbynomeansweddedtodeath.Althoughalllivingthingsareclearlycapableofbeingkilledin
6、onewayoranother,remarkablyfewclassesoforganismsareactuallysubjectto'natural'death.[*ThisstatementwasmadebyH.S.Jennings,oneofthefirsttoobservetheactionsofamoebaforhoursonend.HereportedhisobservationsinfascinatingdetailinBehaviouroftheLowerOrganisms,Col
7、umbiaUniv.BiologicalSeriesX,Col.Univ.Press,1915,xvi&366pp.xil]Itshouldberealizedthatanimalsexperiencedeathformanyreasons.Theyaresubjecttopredators,toaccident,todisease,tostarvation,todehydration,eventotheveryeffectsoftheirbulkwhich(iftheygrowlargeenou
8、gh)canimmobilizethemandreducetheirchancesofgettingfoodordefendingthemselves.Sotheydie.Buttheimportantpointisthattheydonotdieforinherentreasons.Thusforbillionsofliving,growingcreatures,deathisnotthe'expectedend'andalmostcertainlyneverwas.Living