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1、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的非谓语形式。即在句中不能充当谓语，可充当其他成分。非谓语动词动词不定式动名词分词过去分词现在分词动词的-ing形式不定式⑴不定式的构成todo⑵不定式的否定式nottodo⑶不定式的用法①作主语(表示具体的一次性动作)Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.Tobeinvitedtothepartywouldbeexciting.注意：不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语。②作表语(说明主
2、语的内容)Herwishistobecomeadoctor.Ourplanistofinishthetaskintwoweeks.③作宾语常见的动词有：decide,plan,agree,offer,manage,refuse,hope,expect,pretend…Iwanttoborrowyourbook.IfinditveryinterestingtolearnEnglish.注意：不定式作宾语，有时用it作形式宾语。④作宾语补足语Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.Ioftenhearhimsin
3、gthesong.常见的动词有：advise,ask,tell,help,want,forbid,persuade,warn…在感官动词see,hear,watch,notice,obverse以及使役动词make,let,have后的宾补省略to⑤作定语Ihavemanybookstobuy.(不定式表将来)Hehasnoroomtolivein.Ourteacherpraisedthefirststudenttocomeandthelastonetoleave.Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.D
4、oyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish.⑥作状语(表目的inorderto/soasto,出乎意料的结果onlytodo,原因,条件)Toarrivethereontime,Ihavetogetupearly.Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.I’mgladtoseeyou.Tolookather,youwouldlikeher.Haveyougotanythingtosend?Haveyougotanythingtobesent?⑷不定式的时态①一般时态tod
5、o（不定式动作发生在主句动作之后或几乎同时发生）Heplanedtogoonholiday.②进行时态tobedoing(不定式动作正在进行与主句动作同时发生)Thestudentpretendedtobereadingwhenhisteachercameintheclassroom.③完成时态tohavedone(不定式动作发生在主句动作之前)Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoseveralforeignlanguages.2.动名词(动词+ing)⑴作主语(表示抽象的经常性行为)F
6、ishingishisfavoritehobby.-Whatmadeyoualldiscouraged?-Losingthefootballmatch.⑵作表语Herjobisteaching.⑶作宾语(Itisnogood/nousedoing.)常见的动词有：avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,include,suggest,keep,need,mind…Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow?注意：动名词的逻辑主语（形容词物主代词或名词所有格），该结构常在句中作主语或宾语
7、,作宾语时也可用人称代词的宾格Hiscomingmademeveryangry.⑷作定语(放在所修饰词之前，表示功能和用途)Hehasareadingroom.3.分词(现在分词和过去分词)⑴作定语Themanstandingbythewindowisourteacher.Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.Thisisabookwrittenbyafamouswriter.fallingleaves/fallenleaves总结：①单个分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰名词之前；分词短语作
8、定语时，放在所修饰名词之后。②现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行；过去分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。⑵作表语Thenewsthatwehadwonthegamewasexciting.
