语法之被动语态

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1、ThepassiveVoiceI.主动语态（TheactiveVoice）和被动语态(ThePassiveVoice)英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。II.被动语态的结构（以下结构均请同学们观察后得出结论！！）1）一般现在时Iwritealetter.Aletteriswrittenbyme.MyfatherfixesthecarsonSunday.ThecarsarefixedbymyfatheronSunday.____________________________________________________

2、________2)一般过去时Theyfoundagoodidea.Agoodideawasfoundbythem.Wefinishedthehomeworkeasily.Thehomeworkwasfinishedeasilybyus._______________________________________________________________3)一般将来时Suewillsinganicesongforus.AnicesongwillbesungforusbySue.Theywillreturnthebookontime.Thebookwillbereturnedontim

3、ebythem.LilyisgoingtohelpuswithEnglish.WearegoingtobehelpedwithEnglishbyLily.Iamgoingtovisittheoldpeople’shome.Theoldpeople’shomeisgoingtobevisitedbyme.4)现在完成时Tonyhasinterviewedtheworker.TheworkerhasbeenvisitedbyTony.Theyhavebuiltanewbridge.Anewbridgehasbeenbuiltbythem._____________________________

4、_________________________________________5)现在进行时Iamwashingdishes.Dishesarebeingwashedbyme.Theyaredrinkingwinetogether.Wineisbeingdrunkbythem.6)含有情态动词的被动语态Wemayplanttreesinspring.Treesmaybeplantedinspring.Wemustkeepclassroomclean.Classroommustbekeptcleanbyus.Adultsshouldallowteenagerstochoosetheirow

5、nclothes.---Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothesbyadults.4主动语态变被动语态的步骤是：（1）将宾语变成主语（2）把谓语变成被动结构，时态跟原主动语态时态相符（3）原主语有必要留下，则用介词引导放在动词之后，将主格改为宾格，III.被动语态的用法1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。Knivesaremadeforcuttingthings.刀是用来切割东西用的。Tom’smotherwassaved.Tom的母亲得救了。2、汉语中“被”“受”“由”等词译成英语的常用语态Shewaspraisedforher

6、excellentjob.这女孩因工作优秀受到表扬。IV特殊形式的被动语态1)双宾语动词的被动语态e.g.Theypassmesomepictures.Sheofferedmesomehotwater.Theydidn’tbringmeanyfood.Wesendheraletter.类似的词还有give,buy,take,teach,write,telletc.改变方法：Hegavemeacake.Theybuymeastorybook.间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语被动语态①---Iwasgivenacakebyhim--Iamboughtastorybookbythem.注意：含有直

7、接宾语和间接宾语时，一般把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不动。被动语态②---Acakewasgiventomebyhim.--Astorybookisboughtformebythem注意：如果要将直接宾语（物）变为主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。2)含有宾语补足语的动词的被动语态e.g.Wekeepfoodcoldinthefridge.Hismotherf