2019届高考英语一轮基础自练题unit4astronomythescienceofthestars（含解析）新人教版必修

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1、Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars李仕才***阅读理解。ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage：“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones，butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well，thatisnottrue.Unkindwords，namecallingoreventhesocalled“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit，

2、sometimesevenmoreso.Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal（言语的）abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults，aged18to25.Theseyou

3、ngmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.Theimagesshowedthatthepeop

4、lewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.Themiddleschoolyear

5、sareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So，unkind，hurtfulcommentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevels

6、offear，depression，angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry’swebsite.Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren，buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现，语言暴力会干

7、扰大脑神经的连接，对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。1.Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning？A.Toshowthepowerofwords.B.Tointroduceanoppositeview.C.Toprovetheauthor’sargument.D.Toshowancientpeople’swisdom.B　解析：写作意图题。根据此谚语后面的“Well，thatisnottrue...hurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhi

8、t，sometimesevenmoreso.”可知，本文引用这个谚语是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点，故选B。2.Whatdidthesubjectshaveincommon？A.Theywerehurtbyunkindwords.B.Theyperformedpoorlyinima