1、小升初英语必考语法之时态(三)(2012-01-1914:51:47)转载▼标签:教育分类:学习方法智康1对1小升初指导中心现在完成时1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词done构成。助动词have说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词done是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。2.用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常和just、already、yet 等副词连用。如: ---Have you had dinner yet?你(已经)吃晚饭了
2、吗?---Yes,I have. I've just had it. 我刚刚吃过。(强调现在我不饿了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常和for和since等表示一段时间的状语连用。 如:He has livedin Beijing since 2001. 他自从2001年就住在北京了。(可能还要继续住下去)(3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有ever,never,twice,three times等时间状语。 如: I have
3、been to Shanghai three times.我去过上海三次。3.结构 1)陈述句结构:主语+have/has(not)+过去分词+其它。have not=haven't has not=hasn't.2)一般疑问句结构:Have(Has )+主语+过去分词+其它。3)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has) +主语+ 过去分词+其它。例如:She has already seen the film. She hasn’t seen the film yet. Has she seen the film yet? Yes
4、,she has./ No,she hasn't.4.现在完成时的时间状语 现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。有 already,yet,since,for,ever,never,just,before,up to now等。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。I have never b
5、een to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始)学英语已三年了。5.几点注意事项 (1)have been to与have gone to的区别:have been to表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone (to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与once,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing tw
6、ice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years. 他父亲去世已有三年了。 (3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一
7、直没有离开过这儿。 练一练:一、用since和for填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.
8、二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。---词形大“变态”。1. He (live) in Beijing since he was born.2. My f