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1、考点2阅读填句(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)话题:信息安全 词数:295W 难度:★★★Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears. 36 Codebreakingneve
2、rlags(落后)farbehindcodemaking.Thescienceofcreatingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography. 37 Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.” 38 Youmightrepresenteachlett
3、erwithanumber,forexample.Let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“135520135.”Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook
4、. 39 Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me”.Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme.” 40 However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B.Inan
5、ylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordstha
6、twouldstandforotherwords.G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,论述了密码的种类及对信息安全的重要性。1036.【解析】选D。前句说人类使用密码的历史很长,后句说密码破译从未落后于密码编制,根据逻辑关系可知选择D项,即“只要有密码存在,人们就一直试图破译密码”。37.【解析】选E。前句说密码学有三种主要形式,后句举例说明密码学
7、的形式,这种形式即密码是由首字母组成的,故选择E项。38.【解析】选G。本段说明密码学的第二种形式,由后面的叙述可知,这种形式用一个字(数字)代替另一个字(字母),故选择G项。由叙述顺序也可知道G项中的Anotherway是一种提示。39.【解析】选F。前句说要想读懂密码信息必须有密码本,根据逻辑关系,下句应该说“有了密码本,你就可以写下那些代表其他字的字”,故选择F项。40.【解析】选A。前面举例说明了第三种密码学的形式,并且知道有了密码本就很容易读出信息,根据逻辑关系可知,下句应该说明“没有密
8、码本很难破译密码”,故选择A项。此外,下句However,itisalsohardto...也是一种提示。(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)话题:园艺 词数:285W 难度:★★★Agardenthat’sjustrightforyouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou,wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(总和)ofitsparts? 36 .
