常耀信美国文学简史.doc

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1、AConciseHistoryofAmericanLiteratureWhatisliterature?Literatureislanguageartisticallyusedtoachieveidentifiableliteraryqualitiesandtoconveymeaningfulmessages.Chapter1ColonialPeriodI.Background:Puritanism1.featuresofPuritanism(1)Predestination:Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred.(2)Origina

2、lsin:Humanbeingswereborntobeevil,andthisoriginalsincanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.(3)Totaldepravity(4)Limitedatonement:Onlythe“elect”canbesaved.2.Influence(1)Agroupofgoodqualities–hardwork,thrift,piety,sobriety(seriousandthoughtful)influencedAmericanliterature.(2)Itledtotheeverlas

3、tingmyth.Allliteratureisbasedonamyth–gardenofEden.(3)Symbolism:theAmericanpuritan’smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionwaschieflyinstrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolismwhichisdistinctlyAmerican.(4)Withregardtotheirwriting,thestyleisfresh,simpleanddirect;therhetoricisplainandhonest,notwithou

4、tatouchofnobilityoftentraceabletothedirectinfluenceoftheBible.II.Overviewoftheliterature1.typesofwritingdiaries,histories,journals,letters,travelbooks,autobiographies/biographies,sermons2.writersofcolonialperiod(1)AnneBradstreet(2)EdwardTaylor(3)RogerWilliams(4)JohnWoolman(5)ThomasPaine(6)Ph

5、ilipFreneauIII.JonathanEdwards1.life2.works(1)TheFreedomoftheWill(2)TheGreatDoctrineofOriginalSinDefended(3)TheNatureofTrueVirtue3.ideas–pioneeroftranscendentalism(1)Thespiritofrevivalism(2)Regenerationofman(3)God’spresence(4)PuritanidealismIV.BenjaminFranklin1.life2.works(1)PoorRichard’sAlm

6、anac(2)Autobiography3.contribution(1)HehelpedfoundthePennsylvaniaHospitalandtheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.(2)Hewascalled“thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfire(electricityinthiscase)fromheaven”.(3)Everythingseemstomeetinthisoneman–“Jackofalltrades”.HermanMelvillethusdescribedhim“masterofeachandm

7、asteredbynone”.Chapter2AmericanRomanticismSection1EarlyRomanticPeriodWhatisRomanticism?lAnapproachfromancientGreek:PlatolAliterarytrend:18cinBritain(1798~1832)lSchlegelBros.I.Preview:Characteristicsofromanticism1.subjectivity(1)feelingandemotions,f