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1、第二讲 短文改错[全国卷3年考情分析][命题者说]短文改错主要考查语法基础知识，语篇通常取材于考生自己的习作或类似于考生的随笔，且话题常见，篇章结构的难易程度符合高中生的认知水平，即通俗易懂，基本上无生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语法结构。短文词数通常与书面表达一样，也是100词左右。短文改错命题原则表——高考就考这些点着眼点具体思考点词法动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词与虚拟语气名词可数不可数、单数还是复数、是否需用所有格代词主格与宾格、人称与物主、人称与反身、各种不定代词形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级冠词不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词介词基本用
2、法、固定搭配词性误用形容词与副词、形容词与名词、名词与动词句法连词(并列连词和从句引导词)、主谓一致、therebe句型与特殊句式行文逻辑时态一致、指代一致、逻辑一致短文改错意识原则表——答题就按此法办短文改错10处错误中，设错方式是有规律的，一般情况下，多、缺词2～3个，错词7～8个，做完题后，可按此规律进行查验。见下表：类型总数(10)具体思考点多、缺词2～3be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句引导词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的虚词错词7～8连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等A(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Inthesum
3、merholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup！”“Slow
4、down！”“Turningleft！”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.答案：Inthesummerholidayfollowingmybirthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstda
5、ywas.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,onceIstartedthecar,mymindblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthe，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“left！”IwassonervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminutes，theinstructorask
6、edmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoastopjustinthemiddletheroad.B(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopo
7、ftheirhouse.Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!答案：Mr.andMrs.Zhangworkinourschool.Theylivefarfromthe
8、school,andittakesthemabouthourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.Inth
