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1、--2014年11月26日《零边际社会成本》国内外各界的观点点评---【‘TheZeroMarginalCostSociety’,byJeremyRifkin】2014-3-21Machinesareabouttochangewhatitmeanstobehuman.AccordingtosocialtheoristJeremyRifkin,theywillundermineoursenseofprivateproperty,takeawayourjobsandturnusintofreeagentsinan
2、ewglobal“sharingeconomy”.Forgoodmeasure,theywillalsodestroycapitalismbeforethemiddleofthe21stcentury.Ifyou’realreadythinkingthatTheZeroMarginalCostSocietybelongstothegenreoftechno-futurismthatresortstoextremepredictionstoattractattention,thenyou’dberight.Th
3、evalueofthisbook,however,doesn’tlieintheaccuracyofitsspecificforecasts,butratherintheextrapolationsofcurrenttrendsthatenableRifkintoreachthem.Onthatmeasure,thisisathought-provokingreadthatpushessomeofthemostimportantnewtechnologiestotheirlogical–andsometime
4、sscary–conclusions.Takethemachinesthatunderpinthebook’scentralargument.Theywillbeself-replicating,capableofproducingtheirownsparepartsandpropagatingthemselvesindefinitely.Theywillbepoweredbyanalternativeenergysourcelikethesun,allowingthemtorunmoreorlessfore
5、ver.Andtheywillbeconnectedbythecoming―internetofthings-organisingnetwork‖,aselfthatwillallowthemtooperateaspartofanewpervasiveintelligentinfrastructure.Thesemachineswillalsobefullyautomaticandrequirenohumanlabourtooperate.Asaresult,theywillthrowoffproductsa
6、tvirtuallynocost,savetheminimaloneofsupplyingthebasicrawmaterials.ThisgetstotheheartofRifkin’sargument.Ifthemarginalcostofproducingeachadditionalitemfallstoessentiallynothing,theneverythingbecomesfree.Intheirpursuitofprofit,businesseswillhaveirrevocablyunde
7、rminedtheirownmargins:capitalismwillhavedestroyeditself.Butdon’tdespair.Risinginitsplace,Rifkinargues,willbeacivilisationbasedonanewandmorefulfillingcommunitarianism,freeofthehang-upsthathavecharacterisedthematerialisticindividualismofthelatecapitalistage.T
8、houghonly300orsopages,thisissometimesadensebook.Besidesdetoursintosubjectssuchastheeconomichistoryofthehumanracefromearliesttimes,therearesectionsthatpackinextensivedescriptionsofsomeofthekeytechnologi
