英语专八人文知识背诵资料汇总 (1)

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1、GeoGeographyGreatBritainAmericaCanadaAustraliaNewZealandmountainBenNevis(Highestmountain)Scafell(highestpeak)ThePennies(mountainchain)RockyMountains(‘backbone‘or‘continentaldivide’)ThegreatcentralplainTheAppalachianmountainsMountLogan(highestpeak)Mountcook(highestpeak)Mountruapehu(highesthill

2、innorthisland)riverSevernRiver(longest)ThamesRiver(mostimportant)theMississippiriver(‘fatherofwaters,’oldmanriver’)Ohioriver(‘AmericanRuhr’)St.Lawrence(mostimportant)theMackenzie(longest)TheMurrayriver(longestandBiggest)LakeTaupo(largest)lakesLoughNeigh(largest)LochLomond(largestinScot)Winder

3、mere(largestinEngland)LakeVyrnwy(largestinWales)ThegreatlakeslakeMichigan:entirelyinUSothers:Superior,Huron,Erie,OntarioGreatbearlake(largest)Greatslavelake(deepest)ThegreatlakesLakeEyre(largest)TheCluthariver(largestinsouthWaikatoriverandWanganuiriver(largestinnorth)climateMaritimetypeReason

4、s:surroundingwatersTheprevailingsoutheastwindsTheNorthAtlanticDriftNortheastern:humidcontinentalclimateSoutheastern:humidsubtropicalclimateThegreatplains:continentalSteppeclimateIntermountain:continentalDesertclimatePacificnorthwest:maritimeclimateMainly:temperatecontinentalclimateThenorth:po

5、larclimateThewest:TemperateMaritimeClimateDesertorsemiaridPlants:Eucalypts,wattlesAnimals:kangaroos,emus,budgerigarsFromcooltemperatetowarmtemperate(January—warmest,July—coldest)Christchurch—thedriestcityAuckland—thewettestcityReasons:itslatitudezoneOceanicenvironmentMountainsespeciallythesou

6、thernAlps24EthnicgroupsFirstsettlers:theIberiansTheEnglish(mainly):Anglo-SaxonTheScottish,thewelsh,theIrish,thenorthIrish:CeltsOriginalhabitants：IndianImmigrantsfromallovertheworld(mainlyfromEuropeOriginalhabitants:theEskimosorInuitandIndiansImmigrations(mainlydescendantofBritainandFrance)Fir

7、stinhabitants:indigenousAustraliansImmigration(mainlyfromBritain)Firstinhabitants:Maori(10%)Immigration:allaroundtheworldcitiesLondon(capital,largestcity,largestport)Birmingham(secondlargest)Edinburgh(capitalofScotland)Cardiff(capitalofWales)