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1、2007年6月PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn，tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheA
2、ffluent（富裕的）SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,"hunger,sickness,andcold"threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote."Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthat
3、world.Obviouslyitisnotofours/9AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiescon
4、ditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydicingreallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively一andwrongly一labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryIt's
5、oftensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind・Well,therearemanyundeservingrich一overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyinc
6、omerose14.3percent,to$43,200.peoplefeel"squeezed^becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon^tsatisfytheirrisingwants一forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstability
7、aspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey^vebecome“thedisposableAmerican/9asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespread
8、affluencesuggestedutopian（乌托邦式的）possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlesphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcom
