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1、l.Shakespeare:GreatTragedies:HamletMacbethOthelloKingLearGreatComedies:TheMerchantofVeniceTheTwelfthNightAMidsummerNightsDreamAsyoulikeit2.ThePrivyCouncilwasformerlythechiefsourceofexecutivepowerinthestateandgiveprivateadvicetotheKing.SothePrivyCouncilwasalso
2、calledtheKing*sCouncilinhistory.Todayitsroleislargelyformal,advisingthesovereigntoapprovecertaingovernmentdecrees・3.CivilServiceImplementationoftheMinister^decisionsiscarriedoutbyapermanentpoliticallyneutralorganizationknownasthecivilservice.Thecivilserviceisnon-po
3、litical.Changesofgovernmentdonotinvolvechangesindepartmentalstaff.Civilservantsarerecruitedmainlybyopencompetition.4.NormanConquestIn1066,Edwarddiedchildless.Harold,Edwardsbrother-in-law,andWilliam,DukeofNormandy,Edward^Normancousin,bothclaimedthethrone・William,Duk
4、eofNormandy,crossedtheChannel,killedHaroldanddefeatedtheEnglisharmyatthebattleofHastings.AfterNormanConquest,feudalismwasestablishedinEngland・2.GreatCharterRichardIdemandedmorefeudaltaxesandarmyservice.Thelordsbecameangry,marchedtoLondonandforcedhimtosignalongdocum
5、entonJune17th.TheGreatChartercontained3setsofprovisions・Itwasmadeintheinterestsofthefeudallords.3.BourgeoisieRevolutionCharlesIascendedthethronein1625.Likehisfather,hewasconstantlyatloggerheadswithParliament.AtthebeginningoftheCivilWar,twocampswereformed;theking'sm
6、enwerecalled"Cavaliers”andthesupportersofparliamentwerecalled"Roundheads".TheKingranawaytojointherevoltin1648.Thearmy,undertheleadershipofCromwell,defeatedtherevoltinafewmonths.Thekingwasrecapturedon1649.EnglishthencalleditselfaCommonwealth.4.RestorationoftheStuart
7、ThebourgeoisiecompromisedwiththerightistsandinvitedCharlesIItocomebackfromHollandtothethronein1660.TheexpansionofJamesIPspowersoonclashedwiththeinterestsofthebourgeoisie,andin1688,the2partiesofthebourgeoisieunitedandstagedabloodlesscoupd，etat.&Whatweretheconsequenc
8、esoftheBritishIndustrialRevolution?First,theindustrialbourgeoisiegainedsupremacyinthe1840s.Second,productivitywasgreatlyincreased.Third,populatio
