美国文学复习要点

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1、BenjaminFranklin:•RememberBenjaminFranklinasinventor,statesmanandwriter.•Rememberhimas'fatheroftheUnitedStates•WritingfeaturesTheAutobiography9.ItisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision.Thenarrativeislucid,thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely

2、.EdgarAllanPoe•RememberPoeasfatherofmodernshortstoryandfatherofdetectivestory・•Rememberhisimportantworks.•Rememberhiscriticalworks:ThePoeticPrincipleandThePhilosophyofComposition.•BeabletolistsomeofhisfamousshortstoriesandsomeofhisfamouspoemssuchasTheRaven.Annab

3、elLee、ToHelen.•TellthestoryTheCaskofAmontilladoinyourownwords.Whatisthethemeofthisshortstory?BefamiliarwithhispoemToHelen.RalphWaldoEmerson■Knowsomethingabouttranscendentalism.RememberEmersonastheleaderofthisphilosophy:Transcendentalismreferstoakindofattitudetha

4、tbelievesintherecognitioninmanofthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively,orofattainingknowledgetranscendingthereachofthesenses・Majorconcepts■1)Powerofintu让ion.■2)Spiritfirst,mattersecond・■3)NatureassymbolicofspiritorGod・■4)Individucilasthemostimportantelementinsocie

5、ty/self-reliant■5)Religionasanemotionalcommunicationbetweenanindividualsoulandtheuniversal“oversou广■6)Commerceasdegrading/paylessattentiontothematerialworld■The“oveosoul"ascalledbyEmersonwasanall-pervadingunitaryspiritualpowerofgoodness,omnipresentandomnipotent,

6、fromwhichallthingscameandofwhicheveryonewasapart.Generally,theover-soulreferredtospiritofGodasthemostimportantthingintheuniverse・■Emerson^sNatureiscalled'manifestooftranscendentalism,.■TheAmericanScholar(1837)isregardedas“America'sSecondDeclarationofIndependence

7、/DeclarationofIntellectual(Cultural)Independence^■Befamiliarwiththeessay'Self-reliance，.HenryDavidThoreau■RememberThoreaumasterpiece.■TellthemaincontentsofWaldeninyourownwords.NathanielHawthorne■IntroduceTheScarletLetterinyourownwords.■TheinfluenceofPuritanismon

8、TheScarletLetter.■Analyzethemaincharacters・■Tellthesymbolicmeaningsoftheletter■ListHawthorne'smajorworks.HermanMelville■BeabletolistMelville5smajorworks.■Beabletorete