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1、福建专升本英语语法讲义1.主谓一致1.1意义一致原则和就近原则意义一致原则是指主语形式为单数而意义是复数，谓语动词用复数。形式是复数而意义是单数时，谓语动词用单数。就近原则是即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。1)Thegovemmenthaveaskedthecountytodecidebyavote・2)Fifteenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.3)Fifty-sexdollarswasstolenfromthecashregister4)Eithermybrothersormefatheriscoming・5)Onlyoneou
2、toffivewerepresent.6)Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.7)NeitherJulianorIamgoing.由or,nor,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照就近原则。例如:Notonlytheswitchingbutalsotheoldwiringhasbeenchangedo在therebe结构屮，如果出现两个或两个以上的主语时，谓语动词通常与靠近它的主语保持一致。例如：Thereisadictionaryandtwobook
3、sonthedesk.1.2通常作不可数名词的集体名词，谓语动词用单数。Foliage(叶子),machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandiseThemerchandisehasarrivedundamaged・AllthemachineryinthefactoryismadeinChina.1.3由and或both……and连接的并列结构做主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数.BothPaulineandhersonBobhavegonefishinginCanada・Rain,hailandwindhavecausedanestima
4、ted$22,000,000damagetocropsandlivestock.当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every,或manya等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数.Everyboyandeverygirlinthisroomisentitledtoacopy.Manyamanandwomaninthiscommunityfindshimselfinneed・1.3当主语后面跟有l+lasmuchas,as,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan(和一样，不少于，不亚于)等引导的从属结构时，随后的动词形式依主语本身的单复数而定。Someo
5、ftheworkersasmuchasthemanagerwereresponsiblefortheloss.Hisbrotherratherthanhisparentsistoblame.Mywife,morethananyoneelseinthefamily,isanxioustogothereagain.Man,nolessthanthelowerformsoflife,istheproductoftheevolutionaryprocess.1.4当主语后面跟有rhaswellas,inadditionto,with,alongwith‘togetherwith,
6、except等引导的词组时，其后的动词形式也取决于主语本身的形式。Thefatheraswelladhissons,isgoingtoenroll・Nooneexcepttwogirlswaslatefordinner.Thetruckalongwithallitscontentswasdestroyed・Thebarninadditiontothehouse,wasburned・1.5在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的的定语从句的结构屮，分句小的动词用复数形式Heisoneofthosewhoapproveoftheplan.1.6在44th
7、eonlyoneof+复数名词+who"结构中，分句的动词用单数。Heistheonlyoneoftheclerkswhoispromoted.1.虚拟语气1.1常用于命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中用Should+动词原型，其中should经常省略。2.1.1用在decide,demand,insist,order,propose,request,require,suggest等动i司之后白勺that■分句屮Heorderedthatallthebooksbesentatonce.Weproposethatsom
