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1、附录1：英文原文IntroductiontotheC#Languageandthe.NETFrameworkⅠC#languageC#syntaxishighlyexpressive,yetitisalsosimpleandeasytolearn.Thecurly-bracesyntaxofC#willbeinstantlyrecognizabletoanyonefamiliarwithC,C++orJava.Developerswhoknowanyoftheselanguagesaretypicall
2、yabletobegintoworkproductivelyinC#withinaveryshorttime.C#syntaxsimplifiesmanyofthecomplexitiesofC++andprovidespowerfulfeaturessuchasnullablevaluetypes,enumerations,delegates,lambdaexpressionsanddirectmemoryaccess,whicharenotfoundinJava.C#supportsgenericm
3、ethodsandtypes,whichprovideincreasedtypesafetyandperformance,anditerators,whichenableimplementersofcollectionclassestodefinecustomiterationbehaviorsthataresimpletousebyclientcode.InC#3.0,Language-IntegratedQuery(LINQ)expressionsmakethestrongly-typedquery
4、afirst-classlanguageconstruct.Asanobject-orientedlanguage,C#supportstheconceptsofencapsulation,inheritance,andpolymorphism.Allvariablesandmethods,includingtheMainmethod,theapplication'sentrypoint,areencapsulatedwithinclassdefinitions.Aclassmayinheritdire
5、ctlyfromoneparentclass,butitmayimplementanynumberofinterfaces.Methodsthatoverridevirtualmethodsinaparentclassrequiretheoverridekeywordasawaytoavoidaccidentalredefinition.InC#,astructislikealightweightclass;itisastack-allocatedtypethatcanimplementinterfac
6、esbutdoesnotsupportinheritance.Inadditiontothesebasicobject-orientedprinciples,C#makesiteasytodevelopsoftwarecomponentsthroughseveralinnovativelanguageconstructs,includingthefollowing:(1)Encapsulatedmethodsignaturescalleddelegates,whichenabletype-safeeve
7、ntnotifications.(2)Properties,whichserveasaccessorsforprivatemembervariables.(3)Attributes,whichprovidedeclarativemetadataabouttypesatruntime.(4)InlineXMLdocumentationcomments.(5)Language-IntegratedQuery(LINQ)whichprovidesbuilt-inquerycapabilitiesacrossa
8、varietyofdatasources.IfyouhavetointeractwithotherWindowssoftwaresuchasCOMobjectsornativeWin32DLLs,youcandothisinC#throughaprocesscalled"Interop."InteropenablesC#programstodoalmostanythingthatanativeC++applicationcando.C#ev
