8051单片机硬件简介 毕业论文外文翻译

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1、一、英文原文TheHardwareOverviewThe8051familyofmicrocontrollersisbasedonanarchitecturewhichishighlyoptimizedforembeddedontrolsystems.ItisusedinawidevarietyofapplicationsfrommilitaryequipmenttoautomobilestothekeyboardonyourPC.SecondonlytotheMotorola68HC11ineigh

2、tbitprocessorssales,the8051familyofmicrocontrollersisavailableinawidearrayofvariationsfrommanufacturerssuchasIntel,Philips,andSie-mens.Thesemanufacturershaveaddednumerousfeaturesandperipheralstothe8051suchasI2Cinterfaces,analogtodigitalconverters,watchd

3、ogtimers,andpulsewidthmodulatedoutputs.Variationsofthe8051withclockspeedsupto40MHzandvoltagerequirementsdownto1.5voltsareavailable.Thiswiderangeofpartsbasedononecoremakesthe8051familyanexcellentchoiceasthebasearchitectureforacompany'sentirelineofproduct

4、ssinceitcanperformmanyfunctionsanddeveloperswillonlyhavetoearnthisoneplatform.Thebasicarchitectureconsistsofthefollowingfeatures:1、aneightbitALU2、32descreteI/Opins(4groupsof8)whichcanbeindividuallyaccessed3、two16bittimer/counters4、fullduplexUART.5、6inte

5、rruptsourceswith2prioritylevels.6、128bytesofonboardRAM.7、separate64KbyteaddressspacesforDATAandCODEmemory.One8051processorcycleconsistsoftwelveoscillatorperiods.Eachofthetwelveoscillatorperiodsisusedforaspecialfunctionbythe8051coresuchasopcodefetchesand

6、samplesoftheinterruptdaisychainforpendinginterrupts.Thetimerequiredforany8051instructioncanbecomputedbydividingtheclockfrequencyby12,invertingthatresultandmultiplyingitbythenumberofprocessorcyclesrequiredbytheinstructioninquestion.Therefore,ifyouhaveasy

7、stemwhichisusingan11.059MHzclock,youcancomputethenumberofinstructionspersecondbydividingthisvalueby12.Thisgivesaninstructionfrequencyof921583instructionspersecond.Invertingthiswillprovidetheamountoftimetakenbyeachinstructioncycle(1.085microseconds).Memo

8、ryOrganizationThe8051architectureprovidestheuserwiththreephysicallydistinctmemoryspaceswhichcanbeseeninFigureA-1.Eachmemoryspaceconsistsofcontiguousaddressesfrom0tothemaximumsize,inbytes,ofthememoryspace.Addressoverlapsareresolve