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1、圆园15,34(1):196-204农业环境科学学报2015年1月允燥怎则灶葬造燥枣粤早则燥鄄耘灶增蚤则燥灶皂藻灶贼杂糟蚤藻灶糟藻秸秆还田下“麦-稻”轮作生产生命周期能耗及温室气体排放*杨娟,王昌全,白根川,游来勇,易云亮,黄帆,李喜喜(四川农业大学资源环境学院,成都611130)摘要:应用生命周期评价方法,将“小麦-水稻”轮作生产体系生命周期划分为原料开采、农资生产和农田种植三个阶段,对秸秆不还田、全量还田、半量还田3种还田量下,生命周期各阶段的能源消耗与温室气体排放进行了清单分析,并进行了温室气体增温潜
2、势评价。结果表明:以氮肥生产为主的农资生产阶段与原料开采阶段是能源消耗的主要阶段,占作物生产全生命周期能耗的70%左右;温室气体排放则以农田种植阶段为主。相较秸秆不还田处理,秸秆全量还田和半量还田增加了作物产量,降低了单位产品(分别为1t小麦和1t水稻)生产的CO2、N2O排放量,分别减排CO227.05%、31.23%,减排N2O17.74%、14.51%,而CH4排放分别增加39.56%、12.38%;但在20a、100a时间尺度上,农田综合增温潜势GWP均显著降低。秸秆还田配合氮肥减施能有效降低农田生
3、产系统生命周期能耗及温室气体增温潜势。关键词:秸秆;温室气体;生命周期评价中图分类号:X712文献标志码:A文章编号:1672-2043(2015)01-0196-09doi:10.11654/jaes.2015.01.028LifeCycleEnergyConsumptionandGreenhouseGasEmissionsofWheat-RiceRotationSystemwithStrawReturningYANGJuan,WANGChang-quan*,BAIGen-chuan,YOULai-yon
4、g,YIYun-liang,HUANGFan,LIXi-xi(CollegeofResourcesandEnvironment,SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Chengdu611130,China)Abstract:Inthisstudy,weusedlifecycleinventory(LCI)toanalyzetheenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissionsofwheat-ricerotationsystemwithstrawret
5、urningateachphaseofthelifecycle.Globalwarmingpotential(GWP)ofthissystemwasalsoevaluated.Thelifecycleofthewheat-ricerotationsystemwasdividedintothreephases—rawmaterialmining,agriculturalsupplyproductionandcropgrowing.Threestrawreturningratesweredesigned:che
6、micalfertilizeronly(N1),chemicalfertilizerpluswholericestrawreturning(N1+S),andchemicalfertilizerplushalfricestrawreturning(N1+0.5S).Wefoundthatagriculturalsupplyproduction(nitrogenfertilizerproduction)andrawmaterialminingaccountedfornearly70%ofenergyconsu
7、mptionofthewholelifecycle,whilecroplandwasthemainsourceofGHGemissions.InN1+SandN1+0.5Streatments,cropyieldsincreasedby14.31%and15.46%,whileCO2emissionpertonneofyieldsdecreasedby27.05%and31.23%,andN2Oemissionby17.74%and14.51%,butCH4emissionsincreasedby39.56
8、%and12.38%,re原spectively,comparedwithnostrawreturning.However,strawreturningsignificantlydecreasedGWPon20-and100-yeartimescales.Ourfindingsindicatethatapplicationsofstrawandnitrogenfertilizercouldhelptoreduce