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1、InfluenceofMicrowavesonNon-FormaldehydeDPFinishedDyedCottonFabricsSANDRABISCHOFVUKUSIC,CHRISTIANSCHRAMM*ANDDRAGOKATOVICUniversityofZagreb,FacultyofTextileTechnology,10000Zagreb,Croatia*Leopold-Franzens-UniversityofInnsbruck,InstituteofTextileChemistryandTextilePhysi
2、cs,6850Dornbirn,AustriaABSTRACTAnalternativeapproachtotheapplicationofformaldehydereleasingconventionalN-methylolcompoundsisbasedupontheuseofnon-formaldehydeDurablePress(DP)finishingagents–polycarboxlicacids(PCA).Anotheralternativeapproach,investigatedhere,istheappl
3、icationofmicrowaveenergytoimpartdurablecreaseresistancetodyedcottonfabric.Bifunctionaldyes:C.I.ReactiveRed195,C.I.ReactiveYellow145andC.I.ReactiveBlue221areappliedinthestudy.IsocraticHPLCmethodisappliedtoquantifythePCAreactedwiththecellulosicmaterialundertwodifferen
4、tcuringprocedures.ShadechangeevaluationrevealsthatmicrowavewayofcuringhasgreaterinfluenceonthedEvaluesthanconventionalone.Inallotheraspects,primarilyinthewrinklerecoveryandresistancetodeformation,microwavewayofcuringoffersmuchbetterresults.19Microwaveandradiofrequen
5、cytechnologiesofferconsiderableopportunitiesforindustrialheating,dryingandcuring.Thesetechnologiesfindnewandinnovativeapplicationseveninfood,aerospace,plastics,pharmaceutical,chemicalandfoundryindustries[8].Microwaveheatingisachievedbytheuseofspecialoscillatortubes,
6、suchasmagnetron,whichgenerateveryhighfrequenciesandtheprocessisusuallyappliedinanovenorsomeothercavity.Oneofthemostoutstandingadvantageofmicrowavetechnologyisvolumetricalheating,minimizingthedamagefromover-drying.Sinceheatenergyistransferredthroughthematerialelectro
7、magnetically,andnotasaheatflux,itisnotlimitedwiththevolumeofthematerial[15].Microwaveheatingoftextilefabricsisalmostinstantaneousthroughoutthematerial,sothattheenvironmentofthefabricinsulatesitagainstheatlossfromthesurface,allowingcuring.Inordertopreventhotspotswhic
8、hcancauseburns,especciallywhenlightclothsaretreated,fabricsmustbekeptinmotionduringthetreatmenttoobtaineffectivecuring[3].Unfortunately,du
