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1、摘要摘要水轮发电机组是把水能转化为电能的装置,在电网中担任调峰、调频的作用,随着用户对电网电能质量要求的提高,水轮发电机组的调节问题正逐步得到重视。本文分析了水轮机调节系统的结构及其工作流程,剖析了整个系统的工作原理和实质。以混流式水轮机为研究目标,研究水轮机调节系统的静态和动态特性,确立了水轮机调节系统的建模方案及仿真参数。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真软件,依照稳定运行工况点的参数,建立了调速器模块、机械液压系统模块、水轮机及压力引水系统模块、发电机模块数学模型。将各个模块根据传递函数之间关
2、系连接起来,并加入了模拟仿真工况开关,构造水轮机调节系统的仿真模型,满足不同位置和开关组合对随机条件下的工况测试与技术要求。凭借构建的仿真系统模型,采用空载频率扰动试验和负荷扰动试验等对水轮机调节系统进行研究,分析了PID参数对系统稳定性、速动性等动态品质的影响。选取不同的参数值,定性分析了调节对象参数和调速器参数对系统动态响应特性的影响。将影响微机调速器的四个因素分别取三个水平,运用改进的正交试验法对比分析获得最优参数值,与现场实际参数相符合,最后提出水轮机调速优化维护结构功能体系。关键词:水轮机调节
3、系统;PID;仿真;参数优化IAbstractAbstractHydroturbinegeneratorsetisanimportantunittoconvertwaterenergytoelectricalenergy,whichservedasadjustingpeak,frequencyinthepowergrid.Withuserrequirementstoimprovepowerquality,adjustandcontrolperformanceofhydrogrouphasattracte
4、dmuchattention.Thisarticlefirstdescribestheturbineregulatingsystemstructureandworkprocesses,researchestheworkingprincipleoftheturbineregulatingsystem.Byanalyzingthestaticanddynamiccharacteristicsofturbineregulationsystem,turbineregulatingsystemmathematic
5、almodelhasbeenbuilt.Basedonthetransferfunctioninastableconditionofoperatingpoint,usingMATLAB/SIMULINKsimulationsoftware,governormodule,mechanicalhydraulicsystemmodules,turbinesandpressurewatersystemmodulehavebeenestablished.Accordingtotherelationshipbetw
6、eenthetransferfunction,allmodulesisabletobecombined.Throughdifferentpositionsandcombinationsofswitches,turbineregulatingsystemcandodifferentsimulationtestindifferentconditions.Accordingtothesimulationmodel,thisarticleperformedno-loadfrequencydisturbancet
7、estandloaddisturbancetest,andanalyzedtheproportionalgain,integralgain,differentialgainonsystemstability.Byselectingdifferentparameters,thepaperqualitativelyanalyzedtheeffectsofthedynamiccharacteristicsofthecontrolledobjectparametersandgovernorparameters.
8、Inthemicrocomputergovernorresearch,throughselectingfourfactorsandthreedifferentlevels,theresultsoforthogonaltestwasobtained.ThefindingsindicatesthatagroupofoptimalparametervaluescangetbettervaluethanthesteinrecommendedPara